Jenkins David J A, Kendall Cyril W C, Vuksan Vladimir, Vidgen Edward, Parker Tina, Faulkner Dorothea, Mehling Christine C, Garsetti Marcella, Testolin Giulio, Cunnane Stephen C, Ryan Mary Ann, Corey Paul N
Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St Michael'sHospital, Toronto,
Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 May;75(5):834-9. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/75.5.834.
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved health claims for 2 dietary fibers, beta-glucan (0.75 g/serving) and psyllium (1.78 g/serving), on the assumption that 4 servings/d would reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
We assessed the efficacy of this dose of fibers in reducing serum lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
Sixty-eight hyperlipidemic adults consumed a test (high-fiber) and a control low-fat (25% of energy), low-cholesterol (<150 mg/d) diet for 1 mo each in a randomized crossover study. The high-fiber diet included 4 servings/d of foods containing beta-glucan or psyllium that delivered 8 g/d more soluble fiber than did similar, unsupplemented foods in the control diet. Fasting blood samples and blood pressure readings were obtained at baseline and weeks 2 and 4, and the subjects' weight was monitored weekly.
Compared with the control diet, the high-fiber diet reduced total cholesterol (2.1 +/- 0.7%; P = 0.003), total:HDL cholesterol (2.9 +/- 0.8%; P = 0.001), LDL:HDL cholesterol (2.4 +/- 1.0%; P = 0.015), and apolipoprotein B:A-I (1.4 +/- 0.8%; P = 0.076). Applying the Framingham cardiovascular disease risk equation to the data confirmed a reduction in risk of 4.2 +/- 1.4% (P = 0.003). Small reductions in blood pressure were found after both diets. The subjects reported no significant differences in palatability or gastrointestinal symptoms between the diets.
The reduction in serum lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease supports the FDA's approval of a health claim for a dietary fiber intake of 4 servings/d. Although relatively small in terms of patient treatment, the reduction in cardiovascular disease risk is likely to be significant on a population basis.
美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准了两种膳食纤维（β-葡聚糖，每份0.75克；车前子壳，每份1.78克）的健康声明，前提是每天食用4份可降低心血管疾病风险。
我们评估了该剂量的膳食纤维在降低心血管疾病血清脂质风险因素方面的功效。
在一项随机交叉研究中，68名高脂血症成年人分别食用试验（高纤维）饮食和对照低脂（占能量的25%）、低胆固醇（<150毫克/天）饮食各1个月。高纤维饮食包括每天4份含有β-葡聚糖或车前子壳的食物，与对照饮食中类似的未添加食物相比，其提供的可溶性纤维每天多8克。在基线、第2周和第4周采集空腹血样并测量血压，每周监测受试者体重。
与对照饮食相比，高纤维饮食降低了总胆固醇（2.1±0.7%；P = 0.003）、总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇之比（2.9±0.8%；P = 0.001）、低密度脂蛋白与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇之比（2.4±1.0%；P = 0.015）以及载脂蛋白B与载脂蛋白A-I之比（1.4±0.8%；P = 0.076）。将弗明汉心血管疾病风险方程应用于这些数据，证实风险降低了4.2±l.4%（P = 0.003）。两种饮食后血压均有小幅下降。受试者报告两种饮食在适口性或胃肠道症状方面无显著差异。
心血管疾病血清脂质风险因素的降低支持了FDA批准的关于每天摄入4份膳食纤维的健康声明。尽管就患者治疗而言幅度相对较小，但在人群层面上，心血管疾病风险的降低可能具有重要意义。
