Carre D, Coton T, Delpy R, Guisset M, Debonne J M
Service de Pathologie Digestive, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, 13998 Marseille Armées, France.
Med Trop (Mars). 2001;61(6):521-8.
Acute infectious diarrhea is a worldwide public health problem. In developing countries it remains a major cause infant mortality despite therapeutic progress, especially with regard to the efficacy of oral rehydration, during the last two decades. Mortality in industrialized countries is much lower and generally stable. In most cases, acute diarrhea is a self-limiting illness that resolves with or without symptomatic treatment in a few days. In view of the high frequency and generally benign course of diarrheal diseases, management must emphasize a cost-effective approach with selective use of available diagnostic methods. The initial approach should be based on the patient's history, physical examination, and risk factors to identify infections that require more specific measures. The purpose of this report is to review currently available drug therapies and to describe treatment guidelines for adolescents and adults with uncompromised immune systems. Early rehydration is still the mainstay of treatment. Use of "etiological" treatment using antimicrobial or antiparasitic agents depends on the severity of disease and risk factors.
急性感染性腹泻是一个全球性的公共卫生问题。在发展中国家，尽管在过去二十年中治疗取得了进展，尤其是口服补液的疗效，但它仍然是婴儿死亡的主要原因。工业化国家的死亡率要低得多，而且总体稳定。在大多数情况下，急性腹泻是一种自限性疾病，无论是否进行对症治疗，几天内都会痊愈。鉴于腹泻病的高发病率和一般良性病程，管理必须强调采用具有成本效益的方法，并选择性地使用现有的诊断方法。初始方法应基于患者的病史、体格检查和危险因素，以识别需要采取更具体措施的感染。本报告的目的是回顾目前可用的药物治疗方法，并描述针对免疫系统未受损的青少年和成年人的治疗指南。早期补液仍然是治疗的主要手段。使用抗菌或抗寄生虫药物进行“病因”治疗取决于疾病的严重程度和危险因素。
