Opara E C
Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
J R Soc Promot Health. 2002 Mar;122(1):28-34. doi: 10.1177/146642400212200112.
Oxidative stress is defined as excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of diminished antioxidant substances. It has been shown that oxidative stress has an adverse effect on glucose metabolism. Development of the disabling chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) has also been attributed to oxidative stress. The body's defence against oxidative stress is accomplished by interconnecting systems of antioxidant micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and enzymes. While the vitamins act as donors and acceptors of ROS, minerals regulate activity of the enzymes. This review article is focused on the preventive and therapeutic roles of these antioxidant micronutrients in DM. Although there is scarcity of data from controlled studies, anecdotal reports indicate that the use of certain antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements may be beneficial as an adjunct therapy in the management of DM and its complications. In particular, it has been reported that high doses of single micronutrient antioxidant supplements, such as vitamin E, may be beneficial to patients suffering from this disease. However, micronutrient antioxidants interact with each other in a biochemical chain of defence against free radicals, and the use of high doses of a single antioxidant poses potential risks because it could perturb the antioxidant-prooxidant balance. It has, therefore, been recommended that high doses of micronutrient antioxidant vitamins should be administered in combination rather than as single supplements. There are a growing number of preparations containing mixtures of antioxidant vitamins and/or trace elements. A particularly impressive supplement is a new formula called Akesis, which is a mixture of antioxidant vitamins and antidiabetic trace elements, adequately balanced with other vitamins and minerals that enhance metabolic processes.
氧化应激被定义为在抗氧化物质减少的情况下活性氧（ROS）的过度产生。研究表明，氧化应激对葡萄糖代谢有不利影响。糖尿病（DM）致残性慢性并发症的发展也归因于氧化应激。人体对抗氧化应激的防御是通过抗氧化微量营养素（维生素和矿物质）和酶的相互关联系统来实现的。维生素作为ROS的供体和受体，而矿物质调节酶的活性。这篇综述文章聚焦于这些抗氧化微量营养素在糖尿病中的预防和治疗作用。尽管来自对照研究的数据匮乏，但轶事报道表明，使用某些抗氧化维生素和矿物质补充剂作为糖尿病及其并发症管理的辅助治疗可能有益。特别是，据报道，高剂量的单一微量营养素抗氧化剂补充剂，如维生素E，可能对患有这种疾病的患者有益。然而，微量营养素抗氧化剂在对抗自由基的生化防御链中相互作用，使用高剂量的单一抗氧化剂存在潜在风险，因为它可能扰乱抗氧化剂 - 促氧化剂平衡。因此，建议高剂量的微量营养素抗氧化维生素应联合使用，而不是单独补充。越来越多的制剂含有抗氧化维生素和/或微量元素的混合物。一种特别令人印象深刻的补充剂是一种名为Akesis的新配方，它是抗氧化维生素和抗糖尿病微量元素的混合物，并与其他增强代谢过程的维生素和矿物质充分平衡。
