Thomas Mark G, Weale Michael E, Jones Abigail L, Richards Martin, Smith Alice, Redhead Nicola, Torroni Antonio, Scozzari Rosaria, Gratrix Fiona, Tarekegn Ayele, Wilson James F, Capelli Cristian, Bradman Neil, Goldstein David B
Departments of Biology and Anthropology, The Centre for Genetic Anthropology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Am J Hum Genet. 2002 Jun;70(6):1411-20. doi: 10.1086/340609. Epub 2002 Apr 30.
We have analyzed the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA from each of nine geographically separated Jewish groups, eight non-Jewish host populations, and an Israeli Arab/Palestinian population, and we have compared the differences found in Jews and non-Jews with those found using Y-chromosome data that were obtained, in most cases, from the same population samples. The results suggest that most Jewish communities were founded by relatively few women, that the founding process was independent in different geographic areas, and that subsequent genetic input from surrounding populations was limited on the female side. In sharp contrast to this, the paternally inherited Y chromosome shows diversity similar to that of neighboring populations and shows no evidence of founder effects. These sex-specific differences demonstrate an important role for culture in shaping patterns of genetic variation and are likely to have significant epidemiological implications for studies involving these populations. We illustrate this by presenting data from a panel of X-chromosome microsatellites, which indicates that, in the case of the Georgian Jews, the female-specific founder event appears to have resulted in elevated levels of linkage disequilibrium.
我们分析了来自九个地理上分散的犹太群体、八个非犹太宿主群体以及一个以色列阿拉伯/巴勒斯坦群体中每一个群体的母系遗传线粒体DNA，并将犹太人和非犹太人中发现的差异与使用Y染色体数据发现的差异进行了比较，Y染色体数据在大多数情况下来自相同的群体样本。结果表明，大多数犹太社区是由相对较少的女性建立的，建立过程在不同地理区域是独立的，并且随后来自周边群体的女性遗传输入有限。与此形成鲜明对比的是，父系遗传的Y染色体显示出与邻近群体相似的多样性，并且没有发现奠基者效应的证据。这些性别特异性差异证明了文化在塑造遗传变异模式方面的重要作用，并且可能对涉及这些群体的研究具有重大的流行病学意义。我们通过展示一组X染色体微卫星的数据来说明这一点，这些数据表明，就格鲁吉亚犹太人而言，女性特异性奠基事件似乎导致了连锁不平衡水平的升高。
