Loesche Walter J, Kazor Christopher
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
Periodontol 2000. 2002;28:256-79. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0757.2002.280111.x.
The prevalence of oral malodor is probably high in the United States, although precise epidemiological data are missing. The many thousands of individuals who experience oral malodor from the overgrowth of proteolytic, anaerobic bacteria on their tongue surfaces can be successfully treated by a regimen that includes tongue brushing, toothbrushing and possibly the usage of mouthrinses containing various agents. Several candidate mouthrinses containing essential oils (Listerine), ZnCl2, or an oil, water and cetylpyridum chloride mouthrinse have reduced the organoleptic scores of individuals with moderate levels of oral malodor in the absence of tongue brushing. Very few long-term data beyond 6 weeks of usage are available. Anecdotal evidence suggests that other agents such as chlorine dioxide may be helpful. These mouthrinses should be marketed as oral deodorants that are analogous in purpose to the usage of deodorant soaps to control and/or eliminate body malodors. In this way the mouthrinse could be considered as a cosmetic by the FDA, provided that there are data on the safety of the various ingredients in the mouthrinse. Mouthrinses containing zinc ions are able to reduce the levels of volatile sulfur compounds by converting these volatile compounds to non-volatile, and therefore, non-malodorous zinc sulfides, and this mode of action would appear to support a cosmetic claim.
在美国，口腔异味的患病率可能很高，尽管缺乏精确的流行病学数据。成千上万因舌面蛋白水解性厌氧菌过度生长而产生口腔异味的人，可以通过包括刷舌、刷牙以及可能使用含有各种成分的漱口水的方案成功治疗。几种含有精油（李施德林）、氯化锌或一种油、水和氯化十六烷基吡啶漱口水的候选漱口水，在不刷舌的情况下，降低了口腔异味程度中等的个体的感官评分。使用超过6周的长期数据非常少。轶事证据表明，其他成分如二氧化氯可能有帮助。这些漱口水应作为口腔除臭剂销售，其目的类似于使用除臭肥皂来控制和/或消除身体异味。这样，如果漱口水各种成分的安全性有数据，漱口水可被美国食品药品监督管理局视为一种化妆品。含锌离子的漱口水能够通过将这些挥发性化合物转化为非挥发性的、因此无异味的硫化锌来降低挥发性硫化合物的水平，这种作用方式似乎支持一种化妆品宣称。
