Iwanowicz L R, Goodwin A E
University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Aquaculture/Fisheries Center, Arkansas, USA.
Arch Virol. 2002 May;147(5):899-915. doi: 10.1007/s00705-001-0793-z.
A pathogenic bacilliform virus 130-180 nm in length and 31-47 nm in diameter was isolated from moribund fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exhibiting hemorrhages in their eyes and skin. A cytopathic effect of multifocal syncytia was observed in the epithelioma papulosum cyprini cell line after a 48 h incubation at 20 degrees C. A similar cytopathic effect was also observed in other cell lines tested, but not in bluegill fry, koi fin, or Chinook salmon embryo cells. The filterable agent was inactivated by exposure to 50 degrees C for 10 min, 20% ether, 2 and 50% chloroform, pH 3, and pH 10, was unaffected by 5'-iodo-2 deoxyuridine, and appeared bacilliform and occasionally bullet-shaped by electron microscopy. These results are consistent with those of rhabdoviruses. Immunodot blots performed with antisera against selected fish rhabdoviruses, an aquareovirus, and a birnavirus were all negative. River's postulates were fulfilled in fathead minnows, but the agent did not replicate or cause disease in other cyprinids or salmonids during challenge experiments. Hepatic, splenic, and renal lesions were observed during histological analysis of diseased fish from viral challenges and from the original case. Structural proteins resolved via SDS-PAGE had molecular weights similar to those reported in lyssaviruses of the family Rhabdoviridae; however, syncytia formation is not a typical cytopathic effect of rhabdoviruses. This virus, has tentatively been named the fathead minnow rhabdovirus (FHMRV) and is most similar to the members of the family Rhabdoviridae, but atypical properties like syncytia formation may justify the assignment to a novel taxon.
从濒死的黑头呆鱼（肥头鲤）中分离出一种致病的杆状病毒，其长度为130 - 180纳米，直径为31 - 47纳米，这些黑头呆鱼的眼睛和皮肤出现了出血症状。在20摄氏度下孵育48小时后，在鲤上皮瘤细胞系中观察到多灶性多核巨细胞的细胞病变效应。在测试的其他细胞系中也观察到了类似的细胞病变效应，但在蓝鳃幼鱼、锦鲤鳍或奇努克鲑胚胎细胞中未观察到。该可滤过性因子在50摄氏度下暴露10分钟、20%乙醚、2%和50%氯仿、pH 3和pH 10的条件下会失活，不受5'-碘-2-脱氧尿苷的影响，通过电子显微镜观察呈杆状，偶尔呈子弹状。这些结果与弹状病毒的结果一致。用针对选定的鱼类弹状病毒、水生呼肠孤病毒和双RNA病毒的抗血清进行的免疫斑点印迹均为阴性。在黑头呆鱼中满足了里弗斯法则，但在攻毒实验期间，该病原体在其他鲤科鱼类或鲑科鱼类中不复制或不引起疾病。在对病毒攻毒的患病鱼以及原始病例的患病鱼进行组织学分析时，观察到肝脏、脾脏和肾脏病变。通过SDS-PAGE分离的结构蛋白的分子量与弹状病毒科狂犬病病毒属中报道的分子量相似；然而，多核巨细胞的形成并不是弹状病毒典型的细胞病变效应。这种病毒暂时被命名为黑头呆鱼弹状病毒（FHMRV），与弹状病毒科的成员最为相似，但多核巨细胞形成等非典型特性可能证明将其归为一个新分类单元是合理的。
