Gambichler Thilo, Altmeyer Peter, Hoffmann Klauss
Department of Dermatology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
Recent Results Cancer Res. 2002;160:15-25. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-59410-6_3.
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the carcinogenic factor in sunlight. Damage to skin cells from repeated UV exposure can lead to the development of skin cancer. Apart from avoidance of the sun, the most frequently used form of UV protection has been the application of sunscreens. The use of textiles as a means of sun protection has been underrated in previous educational campaigns, even though suitable clothing offers usually simple and effective broadband protection against the sun. Apart from skin cancer formation, exacerbation of photosensitive disorders and premature skin aging could be prevented by suitable UV-protective clothing. Nevertheless, several studies have recently shown that, contrary to popular opinion, some textiles provide only limited UV protection. It has been found that one-third of commercial summer clothing items provide a UV protection factor (UPF) less than 15. Given the increasing interest in sun protection, recreationally and occupationally, test methods and a rating scheme for clothing were needed that would ensure sufficient UV protection. Various textile parameters have an influence on the UPF of a finished garment. Important parameters are the fabric porosity, type, color, weight and thickness. The application of UV absorbers into the yarns significantly improves the UPF of a garment. Under the conditions of wear and use several factors can alter the UV-protective properties of a textile, e.g., stretch, wetness and laundering. The use of UV-blocking cloths can provide excellent protection against the hazards of sunlight; this is especially true for garments manufactured as UV-protective clothing. However, further educational efforts are necessary to change people's sun behavior and raise awareness for the use of adequate sun-protective clothing.
紫外线（UV）辐射是阳光中的致癌因素。反复暴露于紫外线会对皮肤细胞造成损伤，进而导致皮肤癌的发生。除了避免阳光直射外，最常用的紫外线防护方式是涂抹防晒霜。在以往的宣传活动中，将纺织品作为防晒手段的做法一直未得到重视，尽管合适的衣物通常能提供简单有效的广谱防晒保护。除了预防皮肤癌的形成，合适的防紫外线衣物还能预防光敏性疾病的加重和皮肤过早老化。然而，最近的几项研究表明，与普遍看法相反，一些纺织品提供的紫外线防护有限。研究发现，三分之一的商业夏季服装的紫外线防护系数（UPF）小于15。鉴于人们在休闲和职业活动中对防晒的兴趣日益浓厚，需要有确保足够紫外线防护的服装测试方法和评级方案。各种纺织品参数会影响成品服装的UPF。重要的参数包括织物孔隙率、类型、颜色、重量和厚度。在纱线中添加紫外线吸收剂可显著提高服装的UPF。在穿着和使用条件下，几个因素会改变纺织品的紫外线防护性能，例如拉伸、湿度和洗涤。使用紫外线阻隔布可以提供出色的防晒保护；对于作为防紫外线服装生产的衣物来说尤其如此。然而，需要进一步开展宣传工作，以改变人们的防晒行为，并提高人们对使用合适的防紫外线衣物的认识。
