Bronikowski Anne M, Alberts Susan C, Altmann Jeanne, Packer Craig, Carey K Dee, Tatar Marc
Department of Zoology and Genetics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jul 9;99(14):9591-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.142675599. Epub 2002 Jun 24.
Why do closely related primate genera vary in longevity, and what does this teach us about human aging? Life tables of female baboons (Papio hamadryas) in two wild populations of East Africa and in a large captive population in San Antonio, Texas, provide striking similarities and contrasts to human mortality patterns. For captive baboons at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, we estimate the doubling time of adult mortality rate as 4.8 years. Wild females in free-living populations in Tanzania and in Kenya showed doubling times of 3.5 and 3.8 years, respectively. Although these values are considerably faster than the estimates of 7-8 years for humans, these primates share a demographic feature of human aging: within each taxon populations primarily vary in the level of Gompertz mortality intercept (frailty) and vary little in the demographic rate of aging. Environmental and genetic factors within taxa appear to affect the level of frailty underlying senescence. In contrast, primate taxa are differentiated by rates of demographic aging, even if they cannot be characterized by species-specific lifespan.
为什么亲缘关系相近的灵长类属在寿命上存在差异，而这又能让我们对人类衰老有何了解？东非两个野生种群以及德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥一个大型圈养种群中的雌性狒狒（阿拉伯狒狒）的生命表，与人类死亡率模式呈现出惊人的相似与差异。对于西南生物医学研究基金会的圈养狒狒，我们估计成年死亡率的翻倍时间为4.8年。坦桑尼亚和肯尼亚自由生活种群中的野生雌性狒狒的翻倍时间分别为3.5年和3.8年。尽管这些数值比人类7 - 8年的估计值快得多，但这些灵长类动物具有人类衰老的一个人口统计学特征：在每个分类单元中，种群主要在冈珀茨死亡率截距（脆弱性）水平上存在差异，而在人口老龄化率方面差异很小。分类单元内的环境和遗传因素似乎会影响衰老背后的脆弱性水平。相比之下，灵长类分类单元在人口老龄化率上存在差异，即使它们不能以特定物种的寿命来表征。
