Sharman Matthew J, Kraemer William J, Love Dawn M, Avery Neva G, Gómez Ana L, Scheett Timothy P, Volek Jeff S
Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269-1110, USA.
J Nutr. 2002 Jul;132(7):1879-85. doi: 10.1093/jn/132.7.1879.
Very low-carbohydrate (ketogenic) diets are popular yet little is known regarding the effects on serum biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study examined the effects of a 6-wk ketogenic diet on fasting and postprandial serum biomarkers in 20 normal-weight, normolipidemic men. Twelve men switched from their habitual diet (17% protein, 47% carbohydrate and 32% fat) to a ketogenic diet (30% protein, 8% carbohydrate and 61% fat) and eight control subjects consumed their habitual diet for 6 wk. Fasting blood lipids, insulin, LDL particle size, oxidized LDL and postprandial triacylglycerol (TAG) and insulin responses to a fat-rich meal were determined before and after treatment. There were significant decreases in fasting serum TAG (-33%), postprandial lipemia after a fat-rich meal (-29%), and fasting serum insulin concentrations (-34%) after men consumed the ketogenic diet. Fasting serum total and LDL cholesterol and oxidized LDL were unaffected and HDL cholesterol tended to increase with the ketogenic diet (+11.5%; P = 0.066). In subjects with a predominance of small LDL particles pattern B, there were significant increases in mean and peak LDL particle diameter and the percentage of LDL-1 after the ketogenic diet. There were no significant changes in blood lipids in the control group. To our knowledge this is the first study to document the effects of a ketogenic diet on fasting and postprandial CVD biomarkers independent of weight loss. The results suggest that a short-term ketogenic diet does not have a deleterious effect on CVD risk profile and may improve the lipid disorders characteristic of atherogenic dyslipidemia.
极低碳水化合物（生酮）饮食很受欢迎，但对于其对心血管疾病（CVD）血清生物标志物的影响却知之甚少。本研究调查了为期6周的生酮饮食对20名体重正常、血脂正常男性的空腹和餐后血清生物标志物的影响。12名男性从他们的习惯饮食（17%蛋白质、47%碳水化合物和32%脂肪）转变为生酮饮食（30%蛋白质、8%碳水化合物和61%脂肪），8名对照受试者在6周内食用他们的习惯饮食。在治疗前后测定空腹血脂、胰岛素、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）颗粒大小、氧化LDL以及餐后三酰甘油（TAG）和对富含脂肪餐的胰岛素反应。男性食用生酮饮食后，空腹血清TAG（-33%）、富含脂肪餐后的餐后血脂异常（-29%）和空腹血清胰岛素浓度（-34%）均显著降低。空腹血清总胆固醇和LDL胆固醇以及氧化LDL未受影响，而生酮饮食使高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇有升高趋势（+11.5%；P = 0.066）。在以小LDL颗粒模式B为主的受试者中，生酮饮食后平均和峰值LDL颗粒直径以及LDL-1百分比显著增加。对照组的血脂没有显著变化。据我们所知，这是第一项记录生酮饮食对空腹和餐后CVD生物标志物影响且独立于体重减轻的研究。结果表明，短期生酮饮食对CVD风险状况没有有害影响，可能会改善动脉粥样硬化性血脂异常的脂质紊乱特征。
