Wellenberg G J, van der Poel W H M, Van Oirschot J T
Division of Infectious Diseases and Food Chain Quality, Institute for Animal Science and Health (ID-Lelystad), P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
Vet Microbiol. 2002 Aug 2;88(1):27-45. doi: 10.1016/s0378-1135(02)00098-6.
This review deals with the role of viruses in the aetiology of bovine mastitis. Bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine herpesvirus 4, foot-and-mouth disease virus, and parainfluenza 3 virus have been isolated from milk from cows with clinical mastitis. Intramammary inoculations of bovine herpesvirus 1 or parainfluenza 3 virus-induced clinical mastitis, while an intramammary inoculation of foot-and-mouth disease virus resulted in necrosis of the mammary gland. Subclinical mastitis has been induced after a simultaneous intramammary and intranasal inoculation of lactating cows with bovine herpesvirus 4. Bovine leukaemia virus has been detected in mammary tissue of cows with subclinical mastitis, but whether this virus was able to induce bovine mastitis has not been reported. Bovine herpesvirus 2, vaccinia, cowpox, pseudocowpox, vesicular stomatitis, foot-and-mouth disease viruses, and bovine papillomaviruses can play an indirect role in the aetiology of bovine mastitis. These viruses can induce teat lesions, for instance in the ductus papillaris, which result in a reduction of the natural defence mechanisms of the udder and indirectly in bovine mastitis due to bacterial pathogens. Bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, bovine immunodeficiency virus, and bovine leukaemia virus infections may play an indirect role in bovine mastitis, due to their immunosuppressive properties. But, more research is warranted to underline their indirect role in bovine mastitis. We conclude that viral infections can play a direct or indirect role in the aetiology of bovine mastitis; therefore, their importance in the aetiology of bovine mastitis and their economical impact needs further attention.
本综述探讨了病毒在牛乳腺炎病因学中的作用。从患有临床乳腺炎的奶牛乳汁中分离出了牛疱疹病毒1型、牛疱疹病毒4型、口蹄疫病毒和副流感3型病毒。乳腺内接种牛疱疹病毒1型或副流感3型病毒可引发临床乳腺炎，而乳腺内接种口蹄疫病毒则导致乳腺坏死。对泌乳奶牛同时进行乳腺内和鼻内接种牛疱疹病毒4型后，引发了亚临床乳腺炎。在患有亚临床乳腺炎的奶牛乳腺组织中检测到了牛白血病病毒，但该病毒是否能够引发牛乳腺炎尚未见报道。牛疱疹病毒2型、痘苗病毒、牛痘病毒、伪牛痘病毒、水疱性口炎病毒、口蹄疫病毒和牛乳头瘤病毒在牛乳腺炎病因学中可发挥间接作用。这些病毒可引发乳头病变，例如在乳头管中，这会导致乳房自然防御机制减弱，并因细菌病原体间接引发牛乳腺炎。由于具有免疫抑制特性，牛疱疹病毒1型、牛病毒性腹泻病毒、牛免疫缺陷病毒和牛白血病病毒感染可能在牛乳腺炎中发挥间接作用。但是，需要更多研究来证实它们在牛乳腺炎中的间接作用。我们得出结论，病毒感染在牛乳腺炎病因学中可发挥直接或间接作用；因此，它们在牛乳腺炎病因学中的重要性及其经济影响需要进一步关注。
