Lahniers C E
Genet Psychol Monogr. 1975 Nov;92(Second Half):299-320.
Cumming and Henry's disengagement theory of aging was investigated by instructing 89 sons and daughters of parents in four aged groups to describe their parents in middle and old age. Various personality and social measures were used including bipolar adjective checklists, depression, optimism, and control scales. The results indicated that at least two factors, institutionalization and activity level, exert an effect on the perceived changes in aged parents. Two groups, one institutionalized and the other noninstitutionalized but without formal activities, were described as being disengaged: e.g., withdrawn socially, self-absorbed, as well as powerless, pessimistic, and depressed. The other two groups who were noninstitutionalized and involved in outer-world recreational and vocational activities were not seen as disengaged in any way in old age. The personality variable internal-external control of reinforcement may serve as an antecedent to withdrawal behaviors in the aged.
通过指导四个年龄组父母的89名子女描述他们父母中年和老年时的情况，对卡明和亨利的衰老脱离理论进行了研究。使用了各种人格和社会测量方法，包括两极形容词检查表、抑郁、乐观和控制量表。结果表明，至少有两个因素，即机构化和活动水平，对子女所感知到的老年父母的变化产生影响。两组被描述为脱离：一组是住在养老院的，另一组是没有住在养老院但没有正式活动的，他们在社交上退缩、自我专注，并且无能为力、悲观和抑郁。另外两组没有住在养老院且参与外部世界娱乐和职业活动的，在老年时没有被视为以任何方式脱离。强化的人格变量内外控可能是老年人退缩行为的一个前提。
