Tzeng O C
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1975 Dec;32(6):978-88. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.32.6.978.
The present study presents an empirical example of the dichotomy of affective and denotative meaning systems and their influence on individual differences in personality ratings. The three-mode factor analytic technique with a newly developed transformation methodology for the scale mode was applied to data collected by Hogenraad from 50 French-speaking Belgians, rating 40 personality concepts against 40 semantic differential scales. Results indicated that three affective dimensions (evaluation, potency, and activity) proved to be dominant in the indigenous factor structure of personality impressions and that three dimensions in the "other" space, orthogonal to affect, are clearly interpretable denotative semantic features of personalities. Three idealized individual differences on interactions of these two meaning systems with four concept factors were highlighted by the final rotated inner core matrix. The present methodology along with the semantic differential technique and three-mode factor analysis can be applied to various types of subjects and/or concept domains for better understanding of intra- and intercultural differences.
本研究展示了情感意义系统和外延意义系统的二分法及其对人格评级中个体差异的影响的一个实证例子。采用了一种针对量表模式新开发的转换方法的三模式因子分析技术，应用于霍根拉德收集的50名说法语的比利时人的数据，他们根据40个语义差异量表对40个人格概念进行评级。结果表明，三个情感维度（评价、力量和活动）在人格印象的本土因素结构中占主导地位，并且在与情感正交的“其他”空间中的三个维度是人格清晰可解释的外延语义特征。最终旋转的内核矩阵突出了这两个意义系统与四个概念因素相互作用时的三种理想化个体差异。本方法连同语义差异技术和三模式因子分析可应用于各种类型的受试者和/或概念领域，以更好地理解文化内和文化间的差异。
