Möller-Leimkühler Anne Maria
Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
J Affect Disord. 2002 Sep;71(1-3):1-9. doi: 10.1016/s0165-0327(01)00379-2.
Consultation rates and help-seeking patterns in men are consistently lower than in women, especially in the case of emotional problems and depressive symptoms. Empirical evidence shows that low treatment rates for men cannot be explained by better health, but must be attributed to a discrepancy between perception of need and help-seeking behavior. It is argued that social norms of traditional masculinity make help-seeking more difficult because of the inhibition of emotional expressiveness influencing symptom perception of depression. Other medical and social factors which produce further barriers to help-seeking are also examined. Lines of future research are proposed to investigate the links between changing masculinity and its impact on expressiveness and on the occurrence and presentation of depressive symptoms in men.
男性的咨询率和求助模式一直低于女性，尤其是在情感问题和抑郁症状方面。实证证据表明，男性治疗率低不能用健康状况较好来解释，而必须归因于需求认知与求助行为之间的差异。有人认为，传统男子气概的社会规范使求助变得更加困难，因为抑制情感表达会影响对抑郁症症状的认知。还研究了其他对求助造成进一步障碍的医学和社会因素。提出了未来的研究方向，以调查不断变化的男子气概及其对男性情感表达、抑郁症状的发生和表现的影响之间的联系。
