Fergusson David M, Horwood L John, Swain-Campbell Nicola
Christchurch Health and Development Study, Deaprtment of Psychological Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine, New Zealand.
Addiction. 2002 Sep;97(9):1123-35. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00103.x.
To examine the associations between frequency of cannabis use and psychosocial outcomes in adolescence/young adulthood.
A 21-year longitudinal study of the health, development and adjustment of a birth cohort of 1265 New Zealand children.
Annual assessments of the frequency of cannabis use were obtained for the period from age 14-21 years, together with measures of psychosocial outcomes including property/violent crime, depression, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and other illicit drug use.
The frequency of cannabis use was associated significantly with all outcomes, and particularly other illicit drug use. Statistical control for confounding by both fixed and time-dynamic factors substantially reduced the strength of association between cannabis use and outcome measures. Nevertheless, cannabis use remained significantly (P < 0.05) associated with all outcomes and particularly other illicit drug use, after adjustment for confounding. For the measures of crime, suicidal behaviours and other illicit drug use there was evidence of age related variation in the strength of association with cannabis use, with younger (14-15 years old) users being more affected by regular cannabis use than older (20-21 years old) regular users. However, the association between cannabis use and depression did not vary with age.
Cannabis use, and particularly regular or heavy use, was associated with increased rates of a range of adjustment problems in adolescence/ young adulthood-other illicit drug use, crime, depression and suicidal behaviours-with these adverse effects being most evident for school-aged regular users. The findings reinforce public health concerns about minimizing the use of cannabis among school-aged populations.
研究青少年/青年期大麻使用频率与心理社会结果之间的关联。
对1265名新西兰儿童出生队列的健康、发育和适应情况进行为期21年的纵向研究。
获取了14至21岁期间大麻使用频率的年度评估数据，以及包括财产/暴力犯罪、抑郁、自杀意念、自杀未遂和其他非法药物使用等心理社会结果的测量数据。
大麻使用频率与所有结果均显著相关，尤其是与其他非法药物使用。通过固定因素和时间动态因素进行混杂因素的统计控制，大幅降低了大麻使用与结果测量之间的关联强度。然而，在调整混杂因素后，大麻使用与所有结果仍显著相关（P < 0.05），尤其是与其他非法药物使用。对于犯罪、自杀行为和其他非法药物使用的测量，有证据表明与大麻使用的关联强度存在年龄相关差异，年龄较小（14 - 15岁）的使用者比年龄较大（20 - 21岁）的经常使用者更容易受到经常使用大麻的影响。然而，大麻使用与抑郁之间的关联并不随年龄而变化。
大麻使用，尤其是经常或大量使用，与青少年/青年期一系列适应问题的发生率增加有关，包括其他非法药物使用、犯罪、抑郁和自杀行为，这些不良影响在学龄期经常使用者中最为明显。这些发现强化了公共卫生方面对于尽量减少学龄人群大麻使用的担忧。
