Folayan M O, Faponle A, Lamikanra A
Department of Preventive Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
Int J Paediatr Dent. 2002 Sep;12(5):347-54. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-263x.2002.03812.x.
This paper aims to review the existing literature on the pharmacology of a number of sedative drugs used in the management of dental anxiety in the conscious child patient. Pharmacological agents may be used as a complement to behavioural techniques to assist in the management of anxiety in some paediatric dental patients. Their use may also be especially indicated in children with disabilities. These agents are usually sedative in action and do not, in themselves, eliminate anxiety but merely enhance patient acceptance by reducing arousal and modifying anticipation of danger. The agents used are varied and diverse and include nitrous oxide, benzodiazepines and narcotics. Nitrous oxide has proved to be of particular value but carries a degree of risk for the operating staff. Amongst the benzodiazepines, Midazolam has been used more frequently in recent years. It may be given by a variety of routes, including intra-nasally. Dentists who employ sedative agents and techniques should be familiar with the pharmacology of the agents selected, be cognisant of the risks and benefits of the technique employed and be able to manage any adverse events that may arise through their use.
本文旨在综述一系列用于有意识的儿童患者牙科焦虑管理的镇静药物的药理学现有文献。在一些儿科牙科患者中，药理制剂可作为行为技术的补充，以协助焦虑管理。它们的使用在残疾儿童中可能也特别适用。这些制剂通常具有镇静作用，其本身并不能消除焦虑，而只是通过降低唤醒水平和改变对危险的预期来提高患者的接受度。所使用的制剂种类繁多，包括一氧化二氮、苯二氮䓬类药物和麻醉药品。一氧化二氮已被证明具有特殊价值，但对操作人员有一定程度的风险。在苯二氮䓬类药物中，咪达唑仑近年来使用更为频繁。它可以通过多种途径给药，包括经鼻给药。使用镇静制剂和技术的牙医应熟悉所选制剂的药理学，了解所采用技术的风险和益处，并能够处理因使用这些制剂可能出现的任何不良事件。
