Norris Fran H
Department of Psychology, Urban Life, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30303, USA.
J Urban Health. 2002 Sep;79(3):308-14. doi: 10.1093/jurban/79.3.308.
This article provides a brief overview of the field of disaster research, summarizing what is known at present about the prevalence of disasters, the range of stressors and outcomes experienced, and sample-, event-, and individual-level risk factors for poor health and mental health outcomes. Prior research does not suggest that an urban context either enhances or reduces risk for individual survivors. It is argued, however, that the influence of extraindividual exposure, ethnic diversity, and support deterioration may be especially salient for understanding urban disasters. Investigators of urban disasters are especially well situated to expand knowledge of ecological and collective aspects of disaster response and recovery.
本文简要概述了灾害研究领域，总结了目前已知的灾害发生率、经历的压力源和结果范围，以及健康和心理健康状况不佳的样本、事件和个体层面的风险因素。先前的研究并未表明城市环境会增加或降低个体幸存者的风险。然而，有人认为，个体外部暴露、种族多样性和支持恶化的影响对于理解城市灾害可能尤为突出。城市灾害的研究人员尤其适合拓展对灾害应对和恢复的生态和集体方面的认识。
