Haka Abigail S, Shafer-Peltier Karen E, Fitzmaurice Maryann, Crowe Joseph, Dasari Ramachandra R, Feld Michael S
G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Cancer Res. 2002 Sep 15;62(18):5375-80.
We have applied Raman spectroscopy to analyze the chemical composition of microcalcifications occurring in benign and malignant lesions in the human breast. Microcalcifications were initially separated into two categories based on their Raman spectrum: type I, calcium oxalate dihydrate, and type II, calcium hydroxyapatite. Type I microcalcifications were diagnosed as benign, whereas type II were subdivided into benign and malignant categories using principal component analysis, a statistical technique. Although type II microcalcifications are primarily composed of calcium hydroxyapatite, they also contain trace amounts of several biological impurities. Using principal component analysis, we were able to highlight subtle chemical differences in type II microcalcifications that correlate with breast disease. On the basis of these results, we believe that type II microcalcifications formed in benign ducts typically contain a larger amount of calcium carbonate and a smaller amount of protein than those formed in malignant ducts. Using this diagnostic strategy, we were able to distinguish microcalcifications occurring in benign and malignant ducts with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 93%. This is a significant improvement over current X-ray mammography techniques, which are unable to reliably differentiate microcalcifications in benign and malignant breast lesions.
我们应用拉曼光谱法分析了人类乳腺良性和恶性病变中出现的微钙化的化学成分。微钙化最初根据其拉曼光谱分为两类：I型，二水合草酸钙；II型，羟基磷灰石钙。I型微钙化被诊断为良性，而II型则使用主成分分析（一种统计技术）细分为良性和恶性类别。虽然II型微钙化主要由羟基磷灰石钙组成，但它们也含有微量的几种生物杂质。通过主成分分析，我们能够突出II型微钙化中与乳腺疾病相关的细微化学差异。基于这些结果，我们认为良性导管中形成的II型微钙化通常比恶性导管中形成的含有更多的碳酸钙和更少的蛋白质。使用这种诊断策略，我们能够区分良性和恶性导管中出现的微钙化，灵敏度为88%，特异性为93%。这比目前的X线乳腺摄影技术有了显著改进，后者无法可靠地区分良性和恶性乳腺病变中的微钙化。
