Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Bone. 2013 Apr;53(2):437-50. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.01.013. Epub 2013 Jan 18.
Mammographic mammary microcalcifications are routinely used for the early detection of breast cancer, however the mechanisms by which they form remain unclear. Two species of mammary microcalcifications have been identified; calcium oxalate and hydroxyapatite. Calcium oxalate is mostly associated with benign lesions of the breast, whereas hydroxyapatite is associated with both benign and malignant tumors. The way in which hydroxyapatite forms within mammary tissue remains largely unexplored, however lessons can be learned from the process of physiological mineralization. Normal physiological mineralization by osteoblasts results in hydroxyapatite deposition in bone. This review brings together existing knowledge from the field of physiological mineralization and juxtaposes it with our current understanding of the genesis of mammary microcalcifications. As an increasing number of breast cancers are being detected in their non-palpable stage through mammographic microcalcifications, it is important that future studies investigate the underlying mechanisms of their formation in order to fully understand the significance of this unique early marker of breast cancer.
乳腺钼靶微钙化通常用于乳腺癌的早期检测，但它们的形成机制仍不清楚。已经确定了两种乳腺微钙化：草酸钙和羟磷灰石。草酸钙主要与乳腺良性病变有关，而羟磷灰石则与良性和恶性肿瘤都有关。羟磷灰石在乳腺组织中形成的方式在很大程度上仍未被探索，但可以从生理矿化过程中吸取教训。成骨细胞的正常生理矿化导致羟磷灰石在骨骼中的沉积。这篇综述汇集了生理矿化领域的现有知识，并将其与我们目前对乳腺微钙化发生的理解进行了对比。随着越来越多的乳腺癌通过乳腺钼靶微钙化在不可触及阶段被检测到，未来的研究调查其形成的潜在机制以充分理解这种独特的乳腺癌早期标志物的重要性是非常重要的。
