Domingo José L
Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2002 Aug;88(2):97-112. doi: 10.1385/BTER:88:2:097.
Tungstate is an oxyanion that has biological similarities to vanadate. In recent years, a number of studies have shown the antidiabetic effects of oral tungstate in animal models of diabetes. However, because of the tissue accumulation and potential toxicity derived from chronic administration of vanadium and tungsten compounds, the pharmacological use of vanadate or tungstate in the treatment of diabetes is not necessarily exempt from concern. In the context of a potential use in the treatment of human diabetes mellitus, the most relevant toxic effects of vanadium derivatives are reviewed and compared with those reported for tungsten. Hematological and biochemical alterations, loss of body weight, nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, and behavioral toxicity have been reported to occur following exposure to vanadium compounds. Moreover, vanadium also has a mitogenic activity affecting the distribution of chromosomes during mitosis and inducing aneuploidy-related end points. In contrast to vanadate, studies about the toxic effects of tungstate are very scant. Early investigations in cats, rabbits, dogs, mice, and rats showed that tungstate was less toxic than vanadate when given intravenously. Although in vitro investigations showed a direct effect of tungstate on the embryo and fetus of mice at concentrations similar to those causing effects in vivo, information on the potential cellular toxicity of tungstate is particularly scarce. Taking into account the recent interest of tungstate as a new potential oral antidiabetic agent, an exhaustive evaluation of its toxicity in mammals is clearly necessary.
钨酸盐是一种含氧阴离子，与钒酸盐具有生物学相似性。近年来，多项研究表明口服钨酸盐在糖尿病动物模型中具有抗糖尿病作用。然而，由于长期施用钒和钨化合物会导致组织蓄积和潜在毒性，钒酸盐或钨酸盐在糖尿病治疗中的药理学应用并非毫无顾虑。在可能用于治疗人类糖尿病的背景下，本文综述了钒衍生物最相关的毒性作用，并与钨的相关报道进行了比较。据报道，接触钒化合物后会出现血液学和生化改变、体重减轻、肾毒性、免疫毒性、生殖和发育毒性以及行为毒性。此外，钒还具有促有丝分裂活性，影响有丝分裂期间染色体的分布并诱导非整倍体相关的终点。与钒酸盐不同，关于钨酸盐毒性作用的研究非常少。早期对猫、兔、狗、小鼠和大鼠的研究表明，静脉注射时钨酸盐的毒性低于钒酸盐。尽管体外研究表明，在与体内产生作用相似的浓度下，钨酸盐对小鼠胚胎和胎儿有直接影响，但关于钨酸盐潜在细胞毒性的信息尤其匮乏。考虑到最近钨酸盐作为一种新的潜在口服抗糖尿病药物受到关注，对其在哺乳动物中的毒性进行详尽评估显然是必要的。
