Pikora Terri J, Bull Fiona C L, Jamrozik Konrad, Knuiman Matthew, Giles-Corti Billie, Donovan Rob J
School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Am J Prev Med. 2002 Oct;23(3):187-94. doi: 10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00498-1.
The physical environment plays an important role in influencing participation in physical activity, although which factors of the physical environment have the greatest effect on patterns of activity remain to be determined. We describe the development of a comprehensive instrument to measure the physical environmental factors that may influence walking and cycling in local neighborhoods and report on its reliability.
Following consultation with experts from a variety of fields and a literature search, we developed a Systematic Pedestrian and Cycling Environmental Scan (SPACES) instrument and used it to collect data over a total of 1987 kilometers of roads in metropolitan Perth, Western Australia. The audit instrument is available from the first author on request. Additional environmental information was collected using desktop methods and geographic information systems (GIS) technology. We assessed inter- and intra-rater reliability of the instrument among the 16 observers who collected the data.
The observers reported that the audit instrument was easy to use. Both inter- and intra-rater reliability of the environmental scan instrument were generally high.
Our instrument provides a reliable, practical, and easy-to-use method for collecting detailed "street-level" data on physical environmental factors that are potential influences on walking in local neighborhoods.
尽管物理环境的哪些因素对活动模式影响最大仍有待确定，但物理环境在影响体育活动参与方面起着重要作用。我们描述了一种综合工具的开发，该工具用于测量可能影响当地社区步行和骑自行车的物理环境因素，并报告其可靠性。
在咨询了多个领域的专家并进行文献检索后，我们开发了一种系统的行人与自行车环境扫描（SPACES）工具，并使用它在西澳大利亚州珀斯市共1987公里的道路上收集数据。如有需要，可向第一作者索取审核工具。还使用桌面方法和地理信息系统（GIS）技术收集了其他环境信息。我们评估了收集数据的16名观察员中该工具的评分者间信度和评分者内信度。
观察员报告称审核工具易于使用。环境扫描工具的评分者间信度和评分者内信度总体上都很高。
我们的工具为收集有关物理环境因素的详细“街道层面”数据提供了一种可靠、实用且易于使用的方法，这些因素可能会影响当地社区的步行情况。
