Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
J Urban Health. 2010 Dec;87(6):1007-16. doi: 10.1007/s11524-010-9505-x.
There is increasing recognition that the neighborhood-built environment influences health outcomes, such as physical activity behaviors, and technological advancements now provide opportunities to examine the neighborhood streetscape remotely. Accordingly, the aims of this methodological study are to: (1) compare the efficiencies of physically and virtually conducting a streetscape audit within the neighborhood context, and (2) assess the level of agreement between the physical (criterion) and virtual (test) audits. Built environment attributes associated with walking and cycling were audited using the New Zealand Systematic Pedestrian and Cycling Environment Scan (NZ-SPACES) in 48 street segments drawn from four neighborhoods in Auckland, New Zealand. Audits were conducted physically (on-site) and remotely (using Google Street View) in January and February 2010. Time taken to complete the audits, travel mileage, and Internet bandwidth used were also measured. It was quicker to conduct the virtual audits when compared with the physical audits (χ = 115.3 min (virtual), χ = 148.5 min (physical)). In the majority of cases, the physical and virtual audits were within the acceptable levels of agreement (ICC ≥ 0.70) for the variables being assessed. The methodological implication of this study is that Google Street View is a potentially valuable data source for measuring the contextual features of neighborhood streets that likely impact on health outcomes. Overall, Google Street View provided a resource-efficient and reliable alternative to physically auditing the attributes of neighborhood streetscapes associated with walking and cycling. Supplementary data derived from other sources (e.g., Geographical Information Systems) could be used to assess the less reliable streetscape variables.
越来越多的人认识到，邻里环境会影响健康结果，例如身体活动行为，而技术进步现在为远程研究邻里街道景观提供了机会。因此，本方法学研究的目的是：（1）比较在邻里环境中实际和虚拟进行街道景观评估的效率，（2）评估物理（标准）和虚拟（测试）评估之间的一致性水平。使用新西兰系统行人与自行车环境扫描（NZ-SPACES）评估了与步行和骑自行车相关的建筑环境属性，共评估了来自新西兰奥克兰四个街区的 48 个街道段。这些评估是在 2010 年 1 月和 2 月期间实际（现场）和远程（使用谷歌街景）进行的。还测量了完成评估所需的时间、旅行里程和使用的互联网带宽。与物理评估相比，虚拟评估完成得更快（χ = 115.3 分钟（虚拟），χ = 148.5 分钟（物理））。在大多数情况下，物理和虚拟评估在评估的变量方面具有可接受的一致性水平（ICC ≥ 0.70）。本研究的方法学意义在于，谷歌街景可能是测量对健康结果有影响的邻里街道环境特征的有价值的数据源。总体而言，谷歌街景为实际评估与步行和骑自行车相关的邻里街道景观属性提供了一种资源高效且可靠的替代方法。可以使用其他来源（例如地理信息系统）派生的补充数据来评估不太可靠的街道景观变量。
