冈比亚按蚊——疟蚊的基因组序列。

The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.

作者信息

Holt Robert A, Subramanian G Mani, Halpern Aaron, Sutton Granger G, Charlab Rosane, Nusskern Deborah R, Wincker Patrick, Clark Andrew G, Ribeiro José M C, Wides Ron, Salzberg Steven L, Loftus Brendan, Yandell Mark, Majoros William H, Rusch Douglas B, Lai Zhongwu, Kraft Cheryl L, Abril Josep F, Anthouard Veronique, Arensburger Peter, Atkinson Peter W, Baden Holly, de Berardinis Veronique, Baldwin Danita, Benes Vladimir, Biedler Jim, Blass Claudia, Bolanos Randall, Boscus Didier, Barnstead Mary, Cai Shuang, Center Angela, Chaturverdi Kabir, Christophides George K, Chrystal Mathew A, Clamp Michele, Cravchik Anibal, Curwen Val, Dana Ali, Delcher Art, Dew Ian, Evans Cheryl A, Flanigan Michael, Grundschober-Freimoser Anne, Friedli Lisa, Gu Zhiping, Guan Ping, Guigo Roderic, Hillenmeyer Maureen E, Hladun Susanne L, Hogan James R, Hong Young S, Hoover Jeffrey, Jaillon Olivier, Ke Zhaoxi, Kodira Chinnappa, Kokoza Elena, Koutsos Anastasios, Letunic Ivica, Levitsky Alex, Liang Yong, Lin Jhy-Jhu, Lobo Neil F, Lopez John R, Malek Joel A, McIntosh Tina C, Meister Stephan, Miller Jason, Mobarry Clark, Mongin Emmanuel, Murphy Sean D, O'Brochta David A, Pfannkoch Cynthia, Qi Rong, Regier Megan A, Remington Karin, Shao Hongguang, Sharakhova Maria V, Sitter Cynthia D, Shetty Jyoti, Smith Thomas J, Strong Renee, Sun Jingtao, Thomasova Dana, Ton Lucas Q, Topalis Pantelis, Tu Zhijian, Unger Maria F, Walenz Brian, Wang Aihui, Wang Jian, Wang Mei, Wang Xuelan, Woodford Kerry J, Wortman Jennifer R, Wu Martin, Yao Alison, Zdobnov Evgeny M, Zhang Hongyu, Zhao Qi, Zhao Shaying, Zhu Shiaoping C, Zhimulev Igor, Coluzzi Mario, della Torre Alessandra, Roth Charles W, Louis Christos, Kalush Francis, Mural Richard J, Myers Eugene W, Adams Mark D, Smith Hamilton O, Broder Samuel, Gardner Malcolm J, Fraser Claire M, Birney Ewan, Bork Peer, Brey Paul T, Venter J Craig, Weissenbach Jean, Kafatos Fotis C, Collins Frank H, Hoffman Stephen L

机构信息

Celera Genomics, 45 West Gude Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.

出版信息

Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):129-49. doi: 10.1126/science.1076181.

DOI:10.1126/science.1076181

PMID:12364791

Abstract

Anopheles gambiae is the principal vector of malaria, a disease that afflicts more than 500 million people and causes more than 1 million deaths each year. Tenfold shotgun sequence coverage was obtained from the PEST strain of A. gambiae and assembled into scaffolds that span 278 million base pairs. A total of 91% of the genome was organized in 303 scaffolds; the largest scaffold was 23.1 million base pairs. There was substantial genetic variation within this strain, and the apparent existence of two haplotypes of approximately equal frequency ("dual haplotypes") in a substantial fraction of the genome likely reflects the outbred nature of the PEST strain. The sequence produced a conservative inference of more than 400,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms that showed a markedly bimodal density distribution. Analysis of the genome sequence revealed strong evidence for about 14,000 protein-encoding transcripts. Prominent expansions in specific families of proteins likely involved in cell adhesion and immunity were noted. An expressed sequence tag analysis of genes regulated by blood feeding provided insights into the physiological adaptations of a hematophagous insect.

摘要

冈比亚按蚊是疟疾的主要传播媒介，疟疾每年折磨着超过5亿人并导致超过100万人死亡。从冈比亚按蚊的PEST品系获得了十倍的鸟枪法测序覆盖度，并组装成跨越2.78亿碱基对的支架。基因组的91%共被组织成303个支架；最大的支架为2310万碱基对。该品系内存在大量遗传变异，并且在基因组的很大一部分中明显存在频率大致相等的两种单倍型（“双单倍型”），这可能反映了PEST品系的远交性质。该序列对超过40万个单核苷酸多态性进行了保守推断，这些多态性呈现出明显的双峰密度分布。对基因组序列的分析揭示了约14000个蛋白质编码转录本的有力证据。注意到可能参与细胞黏附和免疫的特定蛋白质家族有显著扩增。对受血液摄食调节的基因进行的表达序列标签分析为吸血昆虫的生理适应性提供了见解。