Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA, Institute of Technology, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA, Laboratório de Bioinformática do Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, RJ 25651-075, Brasil, Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, UNESP -Universidade Estadual Paulista, SP 14884-900, Brasil, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brasil, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brasil, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270901, Brasil, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA, Laboratório de Entomologia Médica IPEPATRO/FIOCRUZ, Porto Velho, RO 76812-245, Brasil, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brasil, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 62042-280, Brasil, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Senador Helvídio Nunes de Barros, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Picos, PI 60740-000, Brasil, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA 66075-900, Brasil, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA, Informatics, The J. Craig Venter Institute, Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brasil, Departamento de Genética e Melhoramento, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brasil, Centro de Apoio Mul
Nucleic Acids Res. 2013 Aug;41(15):7387-400. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkt484. Epub 2013 Jun 12.
Anopheles darlingi is the principal neotropical malaria vector, responsible for more than a million cases of malaria per year on the American continent. Anopheles darlingi diverged from the African and Asian malaria vectors ∼100 million years ago (mya) and successfully adapted to the New World environment. Here we present an annotated reference A. darlingi genome, sequenced from a wild population of males and females collected in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 10 481 predicted protein-coding genes were annotated, 72% of which have their closest counterpart in Anopheles gambiae and 21% have highest similarity with other mosquito species. In spite of a long period of divergent evolution, conserved gene synteny was observed between A. darlingi and A. gambiae. More than 10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and short indels with potential use as genetic markers were identified. Transposable elements correspond to 2.3% of the A. darlingi genome. Genes associated with hematophagy, immunity and insecticide resistance, directly involved in vector-human and vector-parasite interactions, were identified and discussed. This study represents the first effort to sequence the genome of a neotropical malaria vector, and opens a new window through which we can contemplate the evolutionary history of anopheline mosquitoes. It also provides valuable information that may lead to novel strategies to reduce malaria transmission on the South American continent. The A. darlingi genome is accessible at www.labinfo.lncc.br/index.php/anopheles-darlingi.
致乏库蚊是新热带地区主要的疟疾传播媒介，每年在美洲大陆导致超过 100 万例疟疾。致乏库蚊约在 1 亿年前与非洲和亚洲的疟疾病媒分化，并成功适应了新世界的环境。在此，我们展示了一个经过注释的参考致乏库蚊基因组，该基因组是从巴西亚马逊地区采集的野生雄性和雌性个体中测序得到的。共注释了 10481 个预测的蛋白编码基因，其中 72%与冈比亚按蚊的基因最接近，21%与其他蚊子物种的基因相似度最高。尽管经历了漫长的分化进化，致乏库蚊和冈比亚按蚊之间仍观察到了保守的基因同线性。鉴定出超过 1000 万个单核苷酸多态性和短插入缺失，这些多态性和缺失具有作为遗传标记的潜力。转座元件占致乏库蚊基因组的 2.3%。与吸血、免疫和抗杀虫剂有关的基因，以及直接参与媒介与人类和媒介与寄生虫相互作用的基因被鉴定出来并进行了讨论。这项研究代表了对新热带地区疟疾传播媒介进行基因组测序的首次尝试，为我们了解按蚊属蚊子的进化历史开辟了新的视角。它还提供了有价值的信息，可能为减少南美洲大陆的疟疾传播提供新的策略。致乏库蚊基因组可在 www.labinfo.lncc.br/index.php/anopheles-darlingi 上获取。
