Woolhouse Mark E J
Centre for Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, UK.
Trends Microbiol. 2002;10(10 Suppl):S3-7. doi: 10.1016/s0966-842x(02)02428-9.
Emerging and re-emerging pathogens present a huge challenge to human and veterinary medicine. Emergence is most commonly associated with ecological change, and specific risk factors are related to the type of pathogen, route of transmission and host range. The biological determinants of host range remain poorly understood but most pathogens can infect multiple hosts, and three-quarters of emerging human pathogens are zoonotic. Surveillance is a key defence against emerging pathogens but will often need to be integrated across human, domestic animal and wildlife populations.
新出现和再度出现的病原体给人类医学和兽医学带来了巨大挑战。病原体的出现最常与生态变化相关，特定风险因素与病原体类型、传播途径和宿主范围有关。人们对宿主范围的生物学决定因素仍知之甚少，但大多数病原体可感染多种宿主，且四分之三新出现的人类病原体是人畜共患病原体。监测是抵御新出现病原体的关键防线，但往往需要整合人类、家畜和野生动物群体的数据。
