Sawchuk Craig N, Meunier Suzanne A, Lohr Jeffrey M, Westendorf David H
University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, USA.
J Anxiety Disord. 2002;16(5):495-510. doi: 10.1016/s0887-6185(02)00168-8.
A growing body of research suggests that individuals with small animal and blood-injection-injury (BII) phobias respond to phobia-relevant stimuli with a combination of fear and disgust. Despite the recognition that disgust may serve a functional role in phobic avoidance behavior, little is known about biased information processing for disgust-related material. Two studies examined recognition memory, using signal detection analyses, for phobia-relevant and general disgust pictures. Study I failed to find differences between spider phobics, BII phobics, and nonphobics in discrimination ability (d') and response bias (c) for spider, surgical, and two categories of general disgust pictures. Results indicated that all participants responded in a liberal manner toward surgical and disgust pictures, whereas they responded more conservatively when judging spider pictures. Study 2 also failed to find differences between BII phobics and nonphobics in discrimination ability and response bias for surgical and disgust pictures presented at 500 and 50 ms exposure durations. All participants again adopted a liberal response bias toward surgical and disgust pictures, although only under the 500 ms stimulus presentation condition. These results do not suggest the presence of preferential information processing of phobia-relevant or general disgust elicitors among phobic participants. The functional value of disgust-mediated information processing biases is questioned given the available literature. Implications and suggestions for continued information processing research for fearful and disgusting stimuli in specific phobia are outlined.
越来越多的研究表明，患有小动物恐惧症和血液-注射-损伤（BII）恐惧症的个体在面对与恐惧症相关的刺激时，会同时产生恐惧和厌恶情绪。尽管人们认识到厌恶情绪可能在恐惧回避行为中发挥功能性作用，但对于与厌恶相关材料的信息加工偏差却知之甚少。两项研究使用信号检测分析方法，考察了对与恐惧症相关和一般厌恶图片的识别记忆。研究一未能发现蜘蛛恐惧症患者、BII恐惧症患者和非恐惧症患者在对蜘蛛、手术以及两类一般厌恶图片的辨别能力（d'）和反应偏差（c）上存在差异。结果表明，所有参与者对手术和厌恶图片的反应都较为宽松，而在判断蜘蛛图片时则更为保守。研究二也未能发现BII恐惧症患者和非恐惧症患者在辨别能力以及对暴露时长为500毫秒和50毫秒的手术和厌恶图片的反应偏差上存在差异。尽管仅在500毫秒刺激呈现条件下，所有参与者再次对手术和厌恶图片采取了宽松的反应偏差。这些结果并不表明在恐惧症患者中存在对与恐惧症相关或一般厌恶引发物的优先信息加工。鉴于现有文献，厌恶介导的信息加工偏差的功能价值受到质疑。本文概述了针对特定恐惧症中恐惧和厌恶刺激的持续信息加工研究的意义和建议。
