Hinshaw Stephen P
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-1650, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2002 Oct;30(5):431-46. doi: 10.1023/a:1019808712868.
Advances in conceptualization and statistical modeling, on the one hand, and enhanced appreciation of transactional pathways, gene-environment correlations and interactions, and moderator and mediator variables, on the other, have heightened awareness of the need to consider factors and processes that explain the development and maintenance of psychopathology. With a focus on attentional problems, impulsivity, and disruptive behavior patterns, I address the kinds of conceptual approaches most likely to lead to advances regarding explanatory models in the field. Findings from my own research program on processes and mechanisms reveal both promise and limitations. Progress will emanate from use of genetically informative designs, blends of variable and person-centered research, explicit testing of developmental processes, systematic approaches to moderation and mediation, exploitation of "natural experiments," and the conduct of prevention and intervention trials designed to accentuate explanation as well as outcome. In all, breakthroughs will occur only with advances in translational research-linking basic and applied science-and with the further development of transactional, systemic approaches to explanation.
一方面，概念化和统计建模方面的进展，另一方面，对交互路径、基因-环境相关性和相互作用以及调节变量和中介变量的更深入理解，提高了人们对考虑解释精神病理学发展和维持的因素及过程的必要性的认识。以注意力问题、冲动性和破坏性行为模式为重点，我探讨了最有可能推动该领域解释模型发展的概念方法类型。我自己关于过程和机制的研究项目的结果既显示出前景，也存在局限性。进展将来自于使用遗传信息设计、变量和以人为中心的研究的结合、对发展过程的明确测试、调节和中介的系统方法、对“自然实验”的利用，以及开展旨在突出解释和结果的预防和干预试验。总之，只有通过转化研究（将基础科学与应用科学联系起来）的进展以及交易性、系统性解释方法的进一步发展，才会取得突破。
