Chikhi-Brachet Roxane, Bon Fabienne, Toubiana Laurent, Pothier Pierre, Nicolas Jean-Claude, Flahault Antoine, Kohli Evelyne
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 444, Epidémiologie et Sciences de l'Information, Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine, 75571 Paris, France.
J Clin Microbiol. 2002 Nov;40(11):4266-72. doi: 10.1128/JCM.40.11.4266-4272.2002.
In France, an epidemic peak of acute diarrhea is observed each winter. Previous results suggested a viral etiology for these winter epidemics. We investigated the role of enteric viruses in acute diarrhea and their molecular diversity. One hundred sixty-one patients with acute diarrhea and 45 healthy patients (controls) from the general population were given a standardized questionnaire between December 1998 and May 1999. Stool specimens were screened for group A and C rotaviruses, human caliciviruses, astroviruses, and adenovirus types 40 and 41 by reverse transcription-PCR and/or enzyme immunoassay. Virologic analysis was positive for 63 cases (39%). Caliciviruses and group A rotaviruses were the most frequent (19 and 17% of cases, respectively). Two control stool specimens were found positive for group A rotavirus, and one was found positive for astrovirus. Molecular characterization of the strains disclosed a cocirculation of P[8],G1, P[8],G4, and P[4],G2 rotaviruses; type 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 astroviruses; and Sapporo-like and Norwalk-like human caliciviruses. These four types of viruses accounted for an attributable risk of acute diarrhea of 34.7% for the general population, under the assumption of a causal role of these viruses.
在法国，每年冬季都会出现急性腹泻的流行高峰。先前的研究结果表明这些冬季流行病的病因是病毒。我们调查了肠道病毒在急性腹泻中的作用及其分子多样性。1998年12月至1999年5月期间，对161例急性腹泻患者和45名来自普通人群的健康患者（对照组）进行了标准化问卷调查。通过逆转录聚合酶链反应和/或酶免疫测定法对粪便标本进行A组和C组轮状病毒、人杯状病毒、星状病毒以及40型和41型腺病毒的筛查。病毒学分析显示63例（39%）呈阳性。杯状病毒和A组轮状病毒最为常见（分别占病例的19%和17%）。两份对照粪便标本检测出A组轮状病毒呈阳性，一份检测出星状病毒呈阳性。对这些病毒株的分子特征分析表明，P[8]、G1、P[8]、G4和P[4]、G2轮状病毒共同流行；1、2、3、4和8型星状病毒；以及札幌样和诺沃克样人杯状病毒。假设这些病毒具有因果作用，这四种病毒导致普通人群急性腹泻的归因风险为34.7%。
