MacLeod Colin M, Chiappe Dan L, Fox Elaine F
Division of Life Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2002 Sep;9(3):521-8. doi: 10.3758/bf03196308.
Negative priming refers to the situation in which an ignored item on an initial prime trial suffers slowed responding when it becomes the target item on a subsequent probe trial. In this experiment (and a replication), we demonstrate two ways in which stimulus consistency (matching) governs negative priming. First, negative priming for identical words occurred only when the prime distractor changed color when it became the probe target (i.e., constant cue to read the red word); negative priming disappeared when the prime distractor retained its color as the probe target (i.e., cue switches from read the red prime word to read the white probe word). Second, negative priming occurred for identical words, but not for semantically related words, whether related categorically or associatively. This pattern of results is consistent with a memory retrieval account, but not with an inhibition account of negative priming, and casts doubt on whether there is semantic negative priming for words.
负启动是指在初始启动试验中被忽略的项目，在随后的探测试验中成为目标项目时，其反应速度会变慢的情况。在本实验（以及一次重复实验）中，我们展示了刺激一致性（匹配）控制负启动的两种方式。首先，只有当启动干扰项在成为探测目标时改变颜色（即持续提示阅读红色单词）时，才会出现对相同单词的负启动；当启动干扰项作为探测目标时保持其颜色（即提示从阅读红色启动单词切换为阅读白色探测单词）时，负启动消失。其次，对于相同单词会出现负启动，但对于语义相关的单词则不会出现负启动，无论这些单词是类别相关还是联想相关。这种结果模式与记忆检索解释一致，但与负启动的抑制解释不一致，并且对单词是否存在语义负启动提出了质疑。
