Yonelinas Andrew P, Levy Benjamin J
Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2002 Sep;9(3):575-82. doi: 10.3758/bf03196315.
Two functionally distinct forms of recognition memory have been identified in human and nonhuman species-the ability to recollect qualitative information about previous events, and the ability to differentiate between familiar and novel stimuli. Separate dual-process theories have been developed in the animal and human literatures to account for these findings. However, it is not clear whether these theories describe the same two underlying memory processes. On the basis of animal studies of medial temporal lobe function, familiarity is expected to exhibit disproportionately fast forgetting compared with recollection over short retention intervals. We tested this prediction in healthy human subjects by examining recognition forgetting rates across a range of 8-32 intervening items and found significant forgetting in the accuracy of familiarity-based discriminations and no evidence of forgetting in the accuracy of recollection-based discriminations. In agreement with the results from nonhuman species, the present results indicate that item familiarity decreases more rapidly than recollection over short retention intervals.
在人类和非人类物种中已识别出两种功能不同的识别记忆形式——回忆先前事件定性信息的能力，以及区分熟悉和新颖刺激的能力。动物和人类文献中已分别发展出双过程理论来解释这些发现。然而，尚不清楚这些理论是否描述了相同的两个潜在记忆过程。基于对内侧颞叶功能的动物研究，预计在短保留间隔内，熟悉度相比回忆会表现出不成比例的快速遗忘。我们通过检查8至32个间隔项目范围内的识别遗忘率，在健康人类受试者中测试了这一预测，发现基于熟悉度的辨别准确性存在显著遗忘，而基于回忆的辨别准确性没有遗忘迹象。与非人类物种的结果一致，目前的结果表明，在短保留间隔内，项目熟悉度的下降比回忆更快。
