Pallasaho P, Lundbäck B, Meren M, Kiviloog J, Loit H M, Larsson K, Laitinen L A
Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
Respir Med. 2002 Oct;96(10):759-69. doi: 10.1053/rmed.2002.1308.
The aim of this part of the FinEsS-studies was to assess whether differences existed in prevalence of asthma, chronic bronchitis, and respiratory symptoms between three Baltic capitals, and to examine risk factor profiles for respiratory conditions. In 1996, a postal survey was performed in these cities with a response rate of 72% in Stockholm, 76% in Helsinki, and 68% in Tallinn. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma was 76% in Stockholm, 6.2% in Helsinki, and 2.3% in Tallinn, while respiratory symptoms were most common in Tallinn. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed chronic bronchitis was 10.6% in Tallinn, 3.4% in Helsinki, and 3.0% in Stockholm. Risk factor analyses revealed a significantly increased risk for those living in Tallinn compared to that of Stockholm for wheezing conditions, OR 1.56-1.69, longstanding cough, OR 1.92 (1.74-2.13), attacks of shortness of breath during the previous 12 months, OR 1.35 (1.20-1.52), and chronic productive cough, OR 1.49 (1.28-1.74). Subjects having symptoms common in asthma were more likely to have physician-diagnosed asthma in Stockholm and Helsinki than in Tallinn, while subjects having bronchitis symptoms had more often physician-diagnosed chronic bronchitis in Tallinn. Prevalence of respiratory symptoms was higher in Tallinn than in Stockholm and Helsinki, while physician-diagnosed asthma was more common in Stockholm and Helsinki. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed chronic bronchitis was three times as high in Tallinn as in Helsinki or Stockholm. Our results also suggest large differences in diagnostic practices between the three countries, while the differences between the capitals in true prevalence of disease may be small.
芬兰东部研究（FinEsS）这部分内容的目的是评估波罗的海三国首都在哮喘、慢性支气管炎及呼吸道症状患病率方面是否存在差异，并研究呼吸道疾病的风险因素特征。1996年，在这些城市开展了一项邮寄调查，斯德哥尔摩的回复率为72%，赫尔辛基为76%，塔林为68%。经医生诊断的哮喘患病率在斯德哥尔摩为7.6%，在赫尔辛基为6.2%，在塔林为2.3%，而呼吸道症状在塔林最为常见。经医生诊断的慢性支气管炎患病率在塔林为10.6%，在赫尔辛基为3.4%，在斯德哥尔摩为3.0%。风险因素分析显示，与斯德哥尔摩相比，居住在塔林的人群出现喘息状况的风险显著增加，比值比（OR）为1.56 - 1.69；长期咳嗽的风险增加，OR为1.92（1.74 - 2.13）；过去12个月内出现呼吸急促发作的风险增加，OR为1.35（1.20 - 1.52）；慢性咳痰咳嗽的风险增加，OR为1.49（1.28 - 1.74）。在斯德哥尔摩和赫尔辛基，出现哮喘常见症状的受试者比在塔林更有可能被医生诊断为哮喘，而出现支气管炎症状的受试者在塔林更常被医生诊断为慢性支气管炎。塔林的呼吸道症状患病率高于斯德哥尔摩和赫尔辛基，而经医生诊断的哮喘在斯德哥尔摩和赫尔辛基更为常见。经医生诊断的慢性支气管炎患病率在塔林是赫尔辛基或斯德哥尔摩的三倍。我们的研究结果还表明，这三个国家在诊断方法上存在很大差异，而三国首都之间疾病实际患病率的差异可能较小。
