Shiffman Saul, Gwaltney Chad J, Balabanis Mark H, Liu Kenneth S, Paty Jean A, Kassel Jon D, Hickcox Mary, Gnys Maryann
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2002 Nov;111(4):531-45. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.111.4.531.
The authors assessed the association between smoking and situational cues, including affect, in real-world contexts. Using ecological momentary assessment, 304 smokers monitored ad-lib smoking for 1 week, recording each cigarette on palm-top computers. Generalized estimating equations contrasted 10,084 smoking and 11,155 nonsmoking situations. After controlling for smoking restrictions, smoking was strongly related to smoking urges and modestly related to consumption of coffee and food, the presence of other smokers, and several activities. Smoking was unrelated to negative or positive affect or to arousal, although it was associated with restlessness. Thus, in daily life, affect appears to exert little influence over ad-lib smoking in heavy smoking adults.
作者们在现实环境中评估了吸烟与包括情感在内的情境线索之间的关联。通过生态瞬时评估，304名吸烟者随意监测吸烟情况达1周，并用掌上电脑记录每支香烟的情况。广义估计方程对比了10,084次吸烟情境和11,155次非吸烟情境。在控制了吸烟限制因素后，吸烟与吸烟冲动密切相关，与咖啡和食物的摄入、其他吸烟者的在场以及几项活动存在适度关联。吸烟与消极或积极情绪或唤醒状态无关，尽管它与坐立不安有关。因此，在日常生活中，情感似乎对重度吸烟成年人的随意吸烟行为影响甚微。
