Shiffman Saul, Balabanis Mark H, Gwaltney Chad J, Paty Jean A, Gnys Maryann, Kassel Jon D, Hickcox Mary, Paton Stephanie M
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007 Dec 1;91(2-3):159-68. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.05.017. Epub 2007 Jul 12.
Smoking is associated with particular moods and activities, but it is not known whether there are individual differences in these associations and whether these differences are associated with success in smoking cessation. We assessed such associations using ecological momentary assessment: real-world, real-time data, collected by palm-top computer. Two hundred and fourteen smokers participating in a smoking cessation study provided data during ad lib smoking at baseline. Participants recorded moods and activities each time they smoked and, for comparison, at randomly selected non-smoking occasions. Situational associations with smoking were captured by examining the associations between smoking and antecedents considered relevant to lapse risk: negative affect (NA), arousal, socializing with others, the presence of others smoking, and consumption of coffee and alcohol. The associations varied across participants, confirming individual differences in situational smoking associations. Survival analyses revealed that only the NA pattern predicted first lapse. The effect was only seen in EMA assessments of NA smoking, and was not captured by questionnaire measures of negative affect smoking, which did not predict lapse risk. Moreover, the effect was not mediated by nicotine dependence.
吸烟与特定的情绪和活动有关，但尚不清楚这些关联中是否存在个体差异，以及这些差异是否与戒烟成功相关。我们使用生态瞬时评估法来评估此类关联：通过掌上电脑收集现实世界中的实时数据。参与戒烟研究的214名吸烟者在基线自由吸烟期间提供了数据。参与者每次吸烟时记录情绪和活动，并作为对照，在随机选择的非吸烟场合也进行记录。通过检查吸烟与被认为与复吸风险相关的先行因素之间的关联，来捕捉与吸烟的情境关联：消极情绪（NA）、唤醒、与他人社交、他人吸烟的存在，以及咖啡和酒精的摄入。这些关联在参与者之间各不相同，证实了情境吸烟关联存在个体差异。生存分析表明，只有消极情绪模式能够预测首次复吸。这种效应仅在消极情绪吸烟的生态瞬时评估中可见，而消极情绪吸烟的问卷调查测量并未捕捉到这种效应，问卷调查也无法预测复吸风险。此外，这种效应并非由尼古丁依赖介导。
