McCrary Brian F, Van Syoc Daniel L
US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks Air Force Base, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2002 Nov;73(11):1117-21.
The USAF devotes great financial and medical assets to the identification and evaluation of USAF aircrew who have been grounded from flying duties for medical conditions thought to be dangerous to the flying mission or personal safety. The purpose of this study is to update the literature and to demonstrate that USAF efforts during the past 19 yr have improved our ability to retain experienced aviators.
The USAF waiver file was reviewed to quantify the number of USAF pilots and navigators receiving permanent medical disqualifications from flying duties during 1995-1999. We identified 157 cases, which were stratified by age group and sex.
The number of disqualifications increased incrementally by age group. The most common diagnoses resulting in permanent disqualification were coronary artery disease, hypertension, back pain and disk abnormalities, migraine headaches, diabetes mellitus, and substance/alcohol abuse.
These results are very similar to those reported in a 1984 USAF study and other studies of aviation populations. The rate of permanent flying disqualifications in this study was equal to 0.18% per year compared to 4.1% per year in 1984. This decrease in the rate of disqualifications could be due to modification of USAF standards, utilization of clinical management groups, better screening of applicants, new technology or therapies, and effective preventive medicine efforts throughout the Air Force.
美国空军投入了大量的财力和医疗资源，用于识别和评估因被认为对飞行任务或个人安全有危险的医疗状况而停飞的空军机组人员。本研究的目的是更新文献，并证明美国空军在过去19年中的努力提高了我们留住经验丰富飞行员的能力。
对美国空军豁免文件进行审查，以量化1995 - 1999年期间因飞行任务而被永久取消医疗资格的美国空军飞行员和导航员的数量。我们确定了157个案例，并按年龄组和性别进行了分层。
取消资格的人数按年龄组递增。导致永久取消资格的最常见诊断是冠状动脉疾病、高血压、背痛和椎间盘异常、偏头痛、糖尿病以及药物/酒精滥用。
这些结果与1984年美国空军的一项研究以及其他航空人群研究报告的结果非常相似。本研究中永久停飞资格的发生率为每年0.18%，而1984年为每年4.1%。取消资格率的下降可能归因于美国空军标准的修改、临床管理小组的利用、对申请人更好的筛选、新技术或疗法以及整个空军有效的预防医学努力。
