Huonker M, Schmid A, Schmidt-Trucksass A, Grathwohl D, Keul J
Medical University Hospital, Freiburg, Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sportsmedicine, Freiburg, Germany.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003 Aug;95(2):685-91. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00710.2001. Epub 2002 Nov 8.
In a cross-sectional study, central and peripheral arteries were investigated noninvasively in high-performance athletes and in untrained subjects. The diastolic inner vessel diameter (D) of the thoracic and abdominal aorta, the subclavian artery (Sub), and common femoral artery (Fem) were determined by duplex sonography in 18 able-bodied professional tennis players, 34 able-bodied elite road cyclist athletes, 26 athletes with paraplegia, 17 below-knee amputated athletes, and 30 able-bodied, untrained subjects. The vessel cross-sectional areas (CSA) were set in relation to body surface area (BSA), and the cross-section index (CS-index = CSA/BSA) was calculated. Volumetric blood flow was determined in Sub and Fem via a pulsed-wave Doppler system and was set in relation to heart rate to calculate the stroke flow. A significantly increased D of Sub was found in the racket arm of able-bodied tennis players compared with the opposite arm (19%). Fem of able-bodied road cyclist athletes and of the intact limb in below-knee amputated athletes showed similar increases. D of Fem was lower in athletes with paraplegia (37%) and in below-knee amputated athletes proximal to the lesion (21%) compared with able-bodied, untrained subjects; CS-indexes were reduced 57 and 31%, respectively. Athletes with paraplegia demonstrated a larger D (19%) and a larger CS-index in Sub (54%) than able-bodied, untrained subjects. No significant differences in D and CS-indexes of the thoracic and abdominal aorta were found between any of the groups. The changes measured in Sub and Fem were associated with corresponding alterations in blood flow and stroke flow in all groups. The study suggests that the size and blood flow volume of the proximal limb arteries are adjusted to the metabolic needs of the corresponding extremity musculature and underscore the impact of exercise training or disuse on the structure and the function of the arterial system.
在一项横断面研究中，对高水平运动员和未经训练的受试者的中央和外周动脉进行了无创研究。通过双功超声检查，测定了18名身体健全的职业网球运动员、34名身体健全的精英公路自行车运动员、26名截瘫运动员、17名膝下截肢运动员以及30名身体健全的未经训练的受试者的胸主动脉和腹主动脉、锁骨下动脉（Sub）以及股总动脉（Fem）的舒张期血管内径（D）。根据体表面积（BSA）设定血管横截面积（CSA），并计算横截面指数（CS指数=CSA/BSA）。通过脉冲波多普勒系统测定Sub和Fem的容积性血流，并根据心率进行设定以计算每搏血流量。与对侧手臂相比，身体健全的网球运动员的球拍臂中Sub的D显著增加（19%）。身体健全的公路自行车运动员以及膝下截肢运动员完好肢体的Fem也有类似增加。与身体健全的未经训练的受试者相比，截瘫运动员的Fem的D较低（37%），膝下截肢运动员病变近端的Fem的D较低（21%）；CS指数分别降低了57%和31%。与身体健全的未经训练的受试者相比，截瘫运动员的Sub的D更大（19%），CS指数更大（54%）。在任何组之间，胸主动脉和腹主动脉的D和CS指数均未发现显著差异。在所有组中，Sub和Fem中测量到的变化与血流和每搏血流量的相应改变相关。该研究表明，近端肢体动脉的大小和血流量会根据相应肢体肌肉组织的代谢需求进行调整，并强调了运动训练或废用对动脉系统结构和功能的影响。
