Pilcher June J, Nadler Eric, Busch Caroline
Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
Ergonomics. 2002 Aug 15;45(10):682-98. doi: 10.1080/00140130210158419.
A meta-analysis to mathematically summarize the effect of hot and cold temperature exposure on performance was completed. The results from 515 effect sizes calculated from 22 original studies suggest that hot and cold temperatures negatively impact performance on a wide range of cognitive-related tasks. More specifically, hot temperatures of 90 degrees F (32.22 degrees C) Web Bulb Globe Temperature Index or above and cold temperatures of 50 degrees F (10 degrees C) or less resulted in the greatest decrement in performance in comparison to neutral temperature conditions (14.88% decrement and 13.91% decrement, respectively). Furthermore, the duration of exposure to the experimental temperature, the duration of exposure to the experimental temperature prior to the task onset, the type of task and the duration of the task had differential effects on performance. The current results indicate that hot and cold temperature exposure have a negative impact on performance and that other variables (e.g., length of exposure to the temperature or task duration) may modify this relationship.
一项通过数学方法总结热暴露和冷暴露对表现影响的荟萃分析已完成。从22项原始研究计算得出的515个效应量结果表明，热和冷温度对广泛的认知相关任务的表现有负面影响。更具体地说，与中性温度条件（分别下降14.88%和13.91%）相比，90华氏度（32.22摄氏度）或以上的热湿球温度指数以及50华氏度（10摄氏度）或以下的冷温度导致表现下降幅度最大。此外，暴露于实验温度的持续时间、任务开始前暴露于实验温度的持续时间、任务类型和任务持续时间对表现有不同影响。目前的结果表明，热暴露和冷暴露对表现有负面影响，其他变量（如暴露于温度的时长或任务持续时间）可能会改变这种关系。
