Nindl Bradley C, Leone Cara D, Tharion William J, Johnson Richard F, Castellani John W, Patton John F, Montain Scott J
Military Performance Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002 Nov;34(11):1814-22. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200211000-00019.
To characterize the impact of prolonged work, underfeeding, and sleep deprivation (i.e., sustained operations; SUSOPS) on physical and occupational related performance during military operational stress.
Ten male soldiers were tested on days 1 (D1), 3 (D3), and 4 (D4) of a control and an experimental week that included prolonged physical work (total daily energy expenditure approximately 4,500 kcal x d(-1)), underfeeding (approximately 1,600 kcal x d(-1)), and sleep deprivation (approximately 2 h x d(-1)). Body composition was measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Ballistic power was assessed by 30 repetitive squat jumps and bench-press throws. Military-relevant occupational performance was evaluated with a 10-min box lift, obstacle course, grenade throw, rifle marksmanship, and a 25-min wall-build task.
Fat-free mass (-2.3%) and fat mass (-7.3%) declined (P </= 0.05) during SUSOPS. Squat-jump mean power (-9%) and total work (-15%) declined (P </= 0.05) during SUSOPS. Bench-press power output, grenade throw, and marksmanship for pop-up targets were not affected. Obstacle course and box-lift performances were lower (P </= 0.05) on D3 but showed some recovery on D4. Wall building was approximately 25% lower (P </= 0.05) during SUSOPS.
Decrements in performance during SUSOPS are primarily restricted to tasks that recruit muscles that are over-utilized without adequate recovery. General military skill tasks and occupational physical performance tasks are fairly well maintained.
描述长时间工作、进食不足和睡眠剥夺（即持续作战；SUSOPS）对军事行动压力期间身体及与职业相关表现的影响。
10名男性士兵在一个对照周和一个实验周的第1天（D1）、第3天（D3）和第4天（D4）接受测试，实验周包括长时间体力劳动（每日总能量消耗约4500千卡×天⁻¹）、进食不足（约1600千卡×天⁻¹）和睡眠剥夺（约2小时×天⁻¹）。采用双能X线吸收法（DEXA）测量身体成分。通过30次重复深蹲跳和卧推投掷评估弹道功率。通过10分钟的箱式举重、障碍跑、手榴弹投掷、步枪射击以及25分钟的筑墙任务评估与军事相关的职业表现。
在SUSOPS期间，去脂体重（-2.3%）和脂肪量（-7.3%）下降（P≤0.05）。在SUSOPS期间，深蹲跳平均功率（-9%）和总功（-15%）下降（P≤0.05）。卧推功率输出、手榴弹投掷以及对弹出目标的射击未受影响。障碍跑和箱式举重表现在D3时较低（P≤0.05），但在D4时有一定恢复。在SUSOPS期间，筑墙表现约低25%（P≤0.05）。
SUSOPS期间表现的下降主要局限于那些募集了过度使用且未充分恢复的肌肉的任务。一般军事技能任务和职业体能任务保持得相当好。
