Welsh T T, Alemany J A, Montain S J, Frykman P N, Tuckow A P, Young A J, Nindl B C
Military Performance Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
Int J Sports Med. 2008 Jan;29(1):45-52. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-964970. Epub 2007 Sep 18.
A sensitive, reliable, field-expedient test may be valuable for monitoring interventions during periods of anticipated physical performance decline. The purpose of this study was to determine the capabilities of unloaded jumping tests for detecting decrements in physical performance following eight days of military sustained operations. Twenty-nine U. S. Marines (24 +/- 1 y; 180 +/- 6 cm; 82.5 +/- 8.2 kg) performed 1, 5 and 30 repetition(s) of unloaded countermovement jumps (UJ) before and after eight days of sustained operations (SUSOPS). Jump performance data was collected simultaneously using a switch mat (SM) and a linear position transducer (LPT). Jump height (m) and power (W) were highest using 1 UJ and declined 4.9 and 8.9%, respectively after SUSOPS. Jump power (JP) declined progressively over 30 UJ (20%). Five UJ offered no advantages over 1 UJ and was inadequate to examine changes in muscle fatigability (pre: 1294 +/- 138 W; post: 1250 +/- 165 W). The SM and a LPT were in agreement and had a high correlation (r = 0.92). One UJ was a sensitive, easy to implement test for monitoring the collective impact of high physical, nutritional, cognitive, and environmental stress on an individuals' physical performance before and after 8 days of SUSOPS, suggesting decrements in physical performance associated with overreaching can be detected by simply administered field-expedient jumping tests.
一种灵敏、可靠且便于现场操作的测试，对于在预期身体机能下降期间监测干预措施可能具有重要价值。本研究的目的是确定无负荷跳跃测试在检测军事持续行动八天后身体机能下降方面的能力。29名美国海军陆战队队员（24±1岁；身高180±6厘米；体重82.5±8.2千克）在持续行动八天（SUSOPS）前后进行了1次、5次和30次无负荷下蹲跳（UJ）。使用开关垫（SM）和线性位置传感器（LPT）同时收集跳跃性能数据。使用1次UJ时跳跃高度（米）和功率（瓦）最高，SUSOPS后分别下降了4.9%和8.9%。在30次UJ过程中跳跃功率（JP）逐渐下降（20%）。5次UJ与1次UJ相比没有优势，并且不足以检测肌肉疲劳性的变化（之前：1294±138瓦；之后：1250±165瓦）。SM和LPT结果一致且相关性很高（r = 0.92）。1次UJ是一种灵敏且易于实施的测试，可用于监测高强度身体、营养、认知和环境压力对个人在SUSOPS八天前后身体机能的综合影响，这表明通过简单的现场便捷跳跃测试可以检测到与过度训练相关的身体机能下降。
