Kuitunen Markku T, Viljanen Johanna, Rossi Esko, Stenroos Arto
University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
Environ Manage. 2003 Jan;31(1):79-85. doi: 10.1007/s00267-002-2694-7.
The impact of dense traffic on the breeding success in pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) was studied using roadside nest-boxes. Nest site selection and breeding success of flycatchers were observed in relation to the distance from the road. The number of occupied territories was no higher closer to the road than it was deeper inside the forest. The distance to the road had no effect on the laying date, clutch size, or brood size. However, nests closer to the road were more likely to fail at the chick stage. The number of broods that were closer to roads and were lost completely was significantly higher than those further away. As a consequence, the number of fledglings per breeding attempt decreased closer to roads. The nestlings typically died as older chicks when the parent birds were providing them with maximum quantities of food. A possible reason for the declining reproductive success was the traffic-related mortality of parent birds, as weather conditions were not especially adverse for raising healthy offspring.
利用路边的巢箱研究了密集交通对斑姬鹟（Ficedula hypoleuca）繁殖成功率的影响。观察了斑姬鹟的筑巢地点选择和繁殖成功率与道路距离的关系。靠近道路处被占据的领地数量并不比森林深处更高。道路距离对产卵日期、窝卵数或育雏数没有影响。然而，靠近道路的巢穴在雏鸟阶段更有可能失败。靠近道路且完全失败的巢数显著高于距离道路较远的巢数。因此，靠近道路处每次繁殖尝试的雏鸟数量减少。雏鸟通常在亲鸟为它们提供最大量食物时作为较大的雏鸟死亡。繁殖成功率下降的一个可能原因是亲鸟与交通相关的死亡率，因为天气条件对养育健康后代并非特别不利。
