Slavov D, Gardiner K
The Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, 1899 Gaylord Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
Gene. 2002 Oct 16;299(1-2):83-94. doi: 10.1016/s0378-1119(02)01016-8.
Adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA -2 (ADAR2) is a member of a family of vertebrate genes that encode adenosine (A)-to-inosine (I) RNA deaminases, enzymes that deaminate specific A residues in specific pre-mRNAs to produce I. Known substrates of ADAR2 include sites within the coding regions of pre-mRNAs of the ionotropic glutamate receptors, GluR2-6, and the serotonin receptor, 5HT2C. Mammalian ADAR2 expression is itself regulated by A-to-I editing and by several alternative splicing events. Because the biological consequences of ADAR2 function are significant, we have undertaken a phylogenetic comparison of these features. Here we report a comparison of cDNA sequences, genomic organization, editing site sequences and patterns of alternative splicing of ADAR2 genes from human, mouse, chicken, pufferfish and zebrafish. Coding sequences and intron/exon organization are highly conserved. All ADAR2 genes show evidence of transcript editing with required sequences and predicted secondary structures very highly conserved. Patterns and levels of editing and alternative splicing vary among organisms, and include novel N-terminal exons and splicing events.
作用于RNA的腺苷脱氨酶-2（ADAR2）是脊椎动物基因家族的成员，该家族编码腺苷（A）到肌苷（I）的RNA脱氨酶，这些酶能使特定前体mRNA中的特定A残基脱氨以产生I。ADAR2的已知底物包括离子型谷氨酸受体GluR2 - 6和5羟色胺受体5HT2C的前体mRNA编码区域内的位点。哺乳动物ADAR2的表达本身受A到I编辑以及几种可变剪接事件的调控。由于ADAR2功能的生物学后果意义重大，我们对这些特征进行了系统发育比较。在此我们报告了来自人类、小鼠、鸡、河豚和斑马鱼的ADAR2基因的cDNA序列、基因组结构、编辑位点序列和可变剪接模式的比较。编码序列和内含子/外显子结构高度保守。所有ADAR2基因都显示出转录本编辑的证据，所需序列和预测的二级结构高度保守。编辑和可变剪接的模式及水平在不同生物体之间有所不同，并且包括新的N端外显子和剪接事件。
