大城市地区的城市居住环境与老年人的长寿：适宜步行的绿色空间的重要性。
Urban residential environments and senior citizens' longevity in megacity areas: the importance of walkable green spaces.
作者信息
Takano T, Nakamura K, Watanabe M
机构信息
Health Promotion/International Health, Division of Public Health, Graduate School of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
出版信息
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2002 Dec;56(12):913-8. doi: 10.1136/jech.56.12.913.
STUDY OBJECTIVES
To study the association between greenery filled public areas that are nearby a residence and easy to walk in and the longevity of senior citizens in a densely populated, developed megacity.
DESIGN
Cohort study.
METHODS
The authors analysed the five year survival of 3144 people born in 1903, 1908, 1913, or 1918 who consented to a follow up survey from the records of registered Tokyo citizens in relation to baseline residential environment characteristics in 1992.
MAIN RESULTS
The survival of 2211 and the death of 897 (98.9% follow up) were confirmed. The probability of five year survival of the senior citizens studied increased in accordance with the space for taking a stroll near the residence (p<0.01), parks and tree lined streets near the residence (p<0.05), and their preference to continue to live in their current community (p<0.01). The principal component analysis from the baseline residential environment characteristics identified two environment related factors: the factor of walkable green streets and spaces near the residence and the factor of a positive attitude to a person's own community. After controlling the effects of the residents' age, sex, marital status, and socioeconomic status, the factor of walkable green streets and spaces near the residence showed significant predictive value for the survival of the urban senior citizens over the following five years (p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Living in areas with walkable green spaces positively influenced the longevity of urban senior citizens independent of their age, sex, marital status, baseline functional status, and socioeconomic status. Greenery filled public areas that are nearby and easy to walk in should be further emphasised in urban planning for the development and re-development of densely populated areas in a megacity. Close collaboration should be undertaken among the health, construction, civil engineering, planning, and other concerned sectors in the context of the healthy urban policy, so as to promote the health of senior citizens.
研究目的
研究居住附近绿化良好、便于行走的公共区域与人口密集的发达大城市中老年人寿命之间的关联。
设计
队列研究。
方法
作者从1992年东京注册居民记录中，分析了3144名出生于1903年、1908年、1913年或1918年且同意接受随访调查者的五年生存率，这些记录与基线居住环境特征有关。
主要结果
确认了2211人的存活情况和897人的死亡情况（随访率为98.9%）。所研究老年人的五年生存概率随着居住附近的散步空间（p<0.01）、居住附近的公园和绿树成荫的街道（p<0.05）以及他们对继续居住在当前社区的偏好（p<0.01）而增加。从基线居住环境特征进行的主成分分析确定了两个与环境相关的因素：居住附近可步行的绿色街道和空间因素以及对个人所在社区的积极态度因素。在控制了居民年龄、性别、婚姻状况和社会经济地位的影响后，居住附近可步行的绿色街道和空间因素对城市老年人未来五年的生存显示出显著的预测价值（p<0.01）。
结论
居住在有可步行绿色空间的区域对城市老年人的寿命有积极影响，且不受其年龄、性别、婚姻状况、基线功能状态和社会经济地位的影响。在大城市人口密集地区的开发和再开发的城市规划中，应进一步强调附近绿化良好且便于行走的公共区域。在健康城市政策背景下，卫生、建设、土木工程、规划及其他相关部门应密切合作，以促进老年人健康。
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