Li Fuzhong, Fisher K John, Brownson Ross C, Bosworth Mark
Oregon Research Institute, 1715 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2005 Jul;59(7):558-64. doi: 10.1136/jech.2004.028399.
To examine the relation between built environment factors (representing several dimensions of urban form of neighbourhoods) and walking activity at both the neighbourhood level and the resident level, in an older adult sample.
DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS: A cross sectional, multilevel design with neighbourhoods as the primary sampling unit and senior residents as the secondary unit. Five hundred and seventy seven residents (mean age = 74 years, SD = 6.3 years) participated in the survey, which was conducted among 56 city defined neighbourhoods in Portland, Oregon, USA. Neighbourhood level variables were constructed using geographical information systems. Resident level variables consisted of a mix of self reports and geocoded data on the built environment.
Self reported neighbourhood walking.
A positive relation was found between built environment factors (density of places of employment, household density, green and open spaces for recreation, number of street intersections) and walking activity at the neighbourhood level. At the resident level, perceptions of safety for walking and number of nearby recreational facilities were positively related to high levels of walking activity. A significant interaction was observed between number of street intersections and perceptions of safety from traffic.
Certain neighbourhood built environment characteristics related to urban form were positively associated with walking activity in the neighbourhoods of senior residents. Public health promotion of walking activity/urban mobility and the design of interventions need to consider the contribution of neighbourhood level built environment influences.
在老年样本中，研究建成环境因素（代表社区城市形态的多个维度）与社区层面及居民层面步行活动之间的关系。
设计、地点、参与者：采用横断面多层次设计，以社区为主要抽样单位，老年居民为次要抽样单位。577名居民（平均年龄=74岁，标准差=6.3岁）参与了此次调查，该调查在美国俄勒冈州波特兰市56个城市划定的社区中进行。社区层面的变量使用地理信息系统构建。居民层面的变量包括关于建成环境的自我报告和地理编码数据的混合。
自我报告的社区步行情况。
建成环境因素（就业场所密度、家庭密度、休闲绿地和开放空间、街道交叉口数量）与社区层面的步行活动之间存在正相关关系。在居民层面，步行安全感和附近休闲设施的数量与高水平的步行活动呈正相关。观察到街道交叉口数量与交通安全感之间存在显著交互作用。
与城市形态相关的某些社区建成环境特征与老年居民社区的步行活动呈正相关。促进步行活动/城市交通的公共卫生工作以及干预措施的设计需要考虑社区层面建成环境影响的作用。
