Frye C A, Lacey E H
Department of Psychology, Biological Sciences, Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany-SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2001 Jun;1(2):172-82. doi: 10.3758/cabn.1.2.172.
Steroid hormone-induced variations in spatial learning and memory tasks have been reported. In this study, androgens' effects in various cognitive and affective tasks were investigated in order to determine whether any observed differences in cognitive performance could be due to affective changes produced by the hormones. Ovariectomized rats (N = 72) received 0.0, 3.0, or 7.5 mg/kg subcutaneously, of testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), or 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol (3 alpha-Diol) suspended in 10% ethanol/sesame oil v/v. For the cognitive tasks (Y maze, inhibitory avoidance, and object recognition), subjects were injected after training trials. For the affective tasks (open field, elevated plus maze, and tailflick), subjects were injected 1 or 24 h before testing. Posttraining injections that produced physiological concentrations of androgens--T, DHT, and 3 alpha-Diol--1 h later increased the percentage of correct choices in the Y maze, the latencies to cross to the shock-associated side of the inhibitory avoidance chamber, and percentage of time exploring novel objects 24 h later, when androgen levels were no longer increased. Administration of T, DHT, and 3 alpha-Diol also increased the number of entries into the center squares of a brightly lit open field, open-arm time in the elevated plus maze, and tailflick latencies 1 but not 24 h following administration. These findings suggest that these androgens, when administered following training, can enhance cognitive performance in the tasks investigated 24 h later when androgen levels nadir, but overt changes in the affective behaviors examined occurred at the time of physiological concentrations 1 h but not 24 h following androgen administration. These findings suggest posttraining androgens can enhance consolidation and cognitive performance, independent of their anxiolytic actions.
已有报道称类固醇激素会引起空间学习和记忆任务的变化。在本研究中，对雄激素在各种认知和情感任务中的作用进行了调查，以确定观察到的认知表现差异是否可能归因于激素产生的情感变化。去卵巢大鼠（N = 72）皮下注射悬浮于10%乙醇/芝麻油（体积比）中的0.0、3.0或7.5 mg/kg睾酮（T）、二氢睾酮（DHT）或5α-雄甾烷-3α,17β-二醇（3α-二醇）。对于认知任务（Y迷宫、抑制性回避和物体识别），在训练试验后对实验对象进行注射。对于情感任务（旷场试验、高架十字迷宫和甩尾试验），在测试前1或24小时对实验对象进行注射。训练后1小时注射产生生理浓度雄激素（T、DHT和3α-二醇），24小时后当雄激素水平不再升高时，Y迷宫中正确选择的百分比、进入抑制性回避箱电击相关侧的潜伏期以及探索新物体的时间百分比均增加。注射T、DHT和3α-二醇后1小时而非24小时，进入明亮旷场中央方格的次数、高架十字迷宫中开放臂停留时间以及甩尾潜伏期也增加。这些发现表明，这些雄激素在训练后给药时，可在24小时后雄激素水平降至最低点时增强所研究任务中的认知表现，但在雄激素给药后1小时而非24小时生理浓度时，所检测的情感行为出现明显变化。这些发现表明训练后给予雄激素可增强巩固和认知表现，与其抗焦虑作用无关。
