O'Keefe George M, Nguyen Vince T, Benveniste Etty N
Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
J Neurovirol. 2002 Dec;8(6):496-512. doi: 10.1080/13550280290100941.
The ability of microglia, the brain's resident macrophage, to present antigen through the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) to T cells allows these normally quiescent cells to play a critical role in shaping the outcome of many neurological diseases. The expression of class II MHC antigens and the costimulatory molecules CD40 and B7 on microglia and infiltrating macrophages is regulated through a complex network of cytokines in the inflamed brain. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms underlying class II MHC, CD40 and B7 regulation in microglia and macrophages. Our focus is on the cis-elements in the promoters of their genes and the transcription factors activated by cytokines that bind them. The functional implications of aberrant class II MHC, CD40 and B7 expression by microglia and macrophages as related to the diseases of Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease are discussed.
小胶质细胞作为大脑中的常驻巨噬细胞，能够通过II类主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）向T细胞呈递抗原，这使得这些通常处于静止状态的细胞在许多神经疾病的转归中发挥关键作用。在炎症大脑中，小胶质细胞和浸润巨噬细胞上II类MHC抗原以及共刺激分子CD40和B7的表达通过复杂的细胞因子网络进行调节。在本综述中，我们描述了小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞中II类MHC、CD40和B7调节的分子机制。我们关注的是其基因启动子中的顺式元件以及与它们结合的细胞因子激活的转录因子。还讨论了小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞异常表达II类MHC、CD40和B7与多发性硬化症和阿尔茨海默病等疾病的功能相关性。
