Wright Daniel B, Stroud Joanne N
Psychology Group, School of Cognitive and Computing Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom.
Law Hum Behav. 2002 Dec;26(6):641-54. doi: 10.1023/a:1020981501383.
Previous research has reported that young adults are better at eyewitness face recognition than are older adults. However, these studies have used young adults as culprits and fillers. We explore how the relative ages of the witness and the culprit influence eyewitness accuracy in 2 experiments. In the first experiment, young (18-25 years old) and older (35-55 years old) adults each saw 4 crime videos. In 2 the culprit was a young adult and in 2 the culprit was an older adult. Participants were more accurate at identifying the culprit when viewing culprit present lineups comprising people of their own age: an "own age bias" analogous to the own race bias. In the 2nd experiment, using a similar procedure, young (18-33 years old) and older (40-55 years old) adults viewed both culprit present and culprit absent lineups. The results of the first experiment were replicated for the culprit present lineups. However, no own age bias was found for the culprit absent lineups. Implications for police procedures dealing with cross-generation identifications are discussed.
先前的研究报告称，与老年人相比，年轻人在目击证人面部识别方面表现得更好。然而，这些研究将年轻人用作罪犯和陪衬人物。我们通过两项实验探究了证人与罪犯的相对年龄如何影响目击证人的准确性。在第一项实验中，年轻人（18至25岁）和老年人（35至55岁）各自观看了4段犯罪视频。其中两段视频中的罪犯是年轻人，另外两段视频中的罪犯是老年人。当参与者查看由与自己年龄相仿的人组成的包含罪犯的列队辨认阵容时，他们在识别罪犯方面更为准确：这是一种类似于同种族偏见的“同年龄偏见”。在第二项实验中，采用类似的程序，年轻人（18至33岁）和老年人（40至55岁）观看了包含罪犯的列队辨认阵容和不包含罪犯的列队辨认阵容。第一项实验的结果在包含罪犯的列队辨认阵容中得到了重复。然而，在不包含罪犯的列队辨认阵容中未发现同年龄偏见。文中讨论了对警方处理跨代身份识别程序的启示。
