Vyshnevetska Valeriia, Giroud Nathalie, Ramon Meike, Dellwo Volker
Linguistic Research Infrastructure, University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland.
Department of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Cogn Res Princ Implic. 2025 Jun 7;10(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s41235-025-00636-3.
In face processing, an own-age recognition advantage has frequently been reported whereby observers are better at recognizing faces of their own compared to other age groups. We wanted to know whether own-age effects exist in voice recognition. Two listener groups, younger adults (n = 42, 19-35 years, 21 males) and older adults (n = 32, 65-83 years, 14 males), completed a speaker discrimination task (same/different speakers), which included younger and older adult speakers of both sexes. Results revealed no interaction of the factors speaker and listener age and speaker and listener sex on listeners' sensitivity (d'). Main effects were significant for listener age (young adult listeners exhibited higher sensitivity than the older adult listeners) and speaker sex (listeners' sensitivity was higher for male compared to female voices). Crucially, response bias (c) revealed that listeners had a significantly higher 'same' bias when hearing younger speakers and female speakers. Our findings have implications for theories of voice identity processing and forensic contexts requiring discrimination of speakers' identity, e.g. earwitnesses telling apart younger and female speakers.
在面部识别中,经常有报告称存在一种年龄效应优势,即观察者在识别自己年龄段的面孔时比识别其他年龄段的面孔表现更好。我们想知道在语音识别中是否也存在年龄效应。两组听众,较年轻的成年人(n = 42,年龄在19至35岁之间,21名男性)和较年长的成年人(n = 32,年龄在65至83岁之间,14名男性),完成了一项说话者辨别任务(说话者是否相同),该任务包含了不同性别的年轻和年长成年说话者。结果显示,说话者年龄与听众年龄以及说话者性别与听众性别这两个因素在听众敏感度(d')上不存在交互作用。听众年龄的主效应显著(较年轻的成年听众表现出比年长的成年听众更高的敏感度),说话者性别的主效应也显著(相比于女性声音,听众对男性声音的敏感度更高)。至关重要的是,反应偏差(c)表明,听众在听到年轻说话者和女性说话者的声音时,“相同”偏差显著更高。我们的研究结果对语音身份识别理论以及需要辨别说话者身份的法医情境(例如,目击者区分年轻和女性说话者)具有启示意义。