O'Malley Martin E, Wilson Stephanie R
Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital at the University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4. martin.o'
Radiographics. 2003 Jan-Feb;23(1):59-72. doi: 10.1148/rg.231025078.
Ultrasonography (US) is often the first imaging study performed in patients with abdominal pain or vague symptoms related to the gastrointestinal tract. An awareness of the US appearances of diseases of the intestine is essential to achieve the proper diagnosis and to enable appropriate triage of cases. Pathologic processes that affect the intestine generally result in decreased peristalsis and bowel wall thickening, both of which tend to decrease the luminal gas content. These changes permit evaluation of the intestine and surrounding structures with transabdominal and transvaginal US. US is useful in diagnosis of infectious and inflammatory conditions, such as appendicitis, Crohn disease, diverticulitis, epiploic appendagitis, pseudomembranous colitis, small bowel obstruction, small bowel vasculitis, and celiac disease. US is also helpful in diagnosis of tumors, such as gastric cancer, bowel lymphoma, and colon cancer. Familiarity with the US appearances of diseases that affect the intestine may allow specific diagnosis based on the degree and distribution of bowel wall thickening and associated changes of the perienteric tissues.
超声检查（US）通常是对腹痛或有与胃肠道相关的模糊症状患者进行的首项影像学检查。了解肠道疾病的超声表现对于做出正确诊断以及对病例进行适当分类至关重要。影响肠道的病理过程通常会导致蠕动减弱和肠壁增厚，这两者往往会减少肠腔内气体含量。这些变化使得能够通过经腹和经阴道超声对肠道及周围结构进行评估。超声在诊断感染性和炎症性疾病方面很有用，如阑尾炎、克罗恩病、憩室炎、网膜性阑尾炎、假膜性结肠炎、小肠梗阻、小肠血管炎和乳糜泻。超声在诊断肿瘤方面也有帮助，如胃癌、肠道淋巴瘤和结肠癌。熟悉影响肠道疾病的超声表现可能会基于肠壁增厚的程度和分布以及肠周组织的相关变化做出特异性诊断。
