Auld Garry, Boushey Carol J, Bock Margaret Ann, Bruhn Christine, Gabel Kathe, Gustafson Deborah, Holmes Betty, Misner Scottie, Novotny Rachel, Peck Louise, Pelican Suzanne, Pond-Smith Dorothy, Read Marsha
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
J Nutr Educ Behav. 2002 Sep-Oct;34(5):242-51. doi: 10.1016/s1499-4046(06)60102-4.
Declining calcium intake among adolescents warrants attention. Our objective was to identify influences on adolescents' consumption of calcium-rich foods.
Focus groups were conducted with girls representing 2 age groups (11 to 12 or 16 to 17 years) and 3 macroethnic groups (Asian, Hispanic, or white).
Public schools in 10 states.
A convenience sample (n = 200) was recruited through schools.
Focus groups (n = 35) were audiotaped and transcribed. Influences relative to consumption of milk or other calcium-rich foods were identified.
Comments were coded as motivators or barriers within each focus group. Content analysis procedures were used to compare ethnic and age groups.
A barrier to milk consumption that was more common among older girls and Asian groups was the limited expectation within families for drinking milk. Many controlled their own beverage choices, and milk, even if liked, was only one option. Milk was positively associated with strength and bone health, but these attributes were viewed as being more important for boys than girls. Milk was associated with breakfast, school lunches, cereal, and desserts. White girls had the most positive reactions to milk and Hispanic girls the most negative. All groups were positive toward pizza, ice cream, and cheese.
To improve calcium intake among teens, interventions should include a family component, stress the benefits of milk for girls, and focus on breakfast.
青少年钙摄入量下降值得关注。我们的目的是确定影响青少年食用富含钙食物的因素。
对代表两个年龄组（11至12岁或16至17岁）和三个主要种族群体（亚裔、西班牙裔或白人）的女孩进行焦点小组访谈。
10个州的公立学校。
通过学校招募了一个便利样本（n = 200）。
对35个焦点小组进行录音和转录。确定与牛奶或其他富含钙食物消费相关的影响因素。
在每个焦点小组中，将评论编码为促进因素或障碍因素。采用内容分析程序比较种族和年龄组。
在年龄较大的女孩和亚裔群体中，饮用牛奶的一个更常见障碍是家庭中对饮用牛奶的期望有限。许多人自行控制饮料选择，牛奶即使受到喜欢，也只是其中一个选择。牛奶与力量和骨骼健康呈正相关，但这些属性被认为对男孩比对女孩更重要。牛奶与早餐、学校午餐、谷类食品和甜点有关。白人女孩对牛奶的反应最积极，西班牙裔女孩最消极。所有群体对披萨、冰淇淋和奶酪都持积极态度。
为了提高青少年的钙摄入量，干预措施应包括家庭因素，强调牛奶对女孩的益处，并关注早餐。
