Fiorito Laura M, Mitchell Diane C, Smiciklas-Wright Helen, Birch Leann L
Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2006 Apr;106(4):534-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2006.01.005.
To characterize patterns of dairy intake among girls in middle childhood.
Longitudinal data were used to characterize girls' patterns of dairy intake at age 5, 7, 9, and 11 years.
Participants were 151 girls from predominately middle-class and exclusively non-Hispanic white families living in central Pennsylvania.
Intakes of dairy, energy, macronutrients, vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus were assessed using three 24-hour dietary recalls in 151 non-Hispanic white girls at age 5, 7, 9, and 11 years. Analyses of changes over time were conducted using repeated measures analysis of variance. McNemar's chi(2) test was used to analyze change in percentage of dairy consumers over time.
From age 5 to 11 years, girls' total dairy intake remained stable. Total milk consumption declined, due to a decline in intake of milk as a beverage, while intakes of cheese and dairy desserts increased. Much of the decline in milk intake from age 5 to 11 years, especially for milk as a beverage, was due to a reduction in the percentage of girls consuming milk as a beverage, not simply due to a decline in the servings of milk as a beverage consumed by consumers. On average, girls met vitamin D recommendations over time; however, by age 9 and 11 years girls failed to meet calcium and phosphorus recommendations.
Although girls' dairy intake was stable over time, at age 7, 9, and 11 years girls did not meet the recommended three servings per day, leading to suboptimal intakes of calcium and phosphorus at age 9 and 11 years. Increasing milk intake among all children should continue to be a major focus of interventions.
描述童年中期女孩的乳制品摄入模式。
采用纵向数据来描述女孩在5岁、7岁、9岁和11岁时的乳制品摄入模式。
参与者为151名来自宾夕法尼亚州中部、主要是中产阶级且均为非西班牙裔白人家庭的女孩。
通过对151名5岁、7岁、9岁和11岁的非西班牙裔白人女孩进行三次24小时饮食回顾，评估她们对乳制品、能量、宏量营养素、维生素D、钙和磷的摄入量。使用重复测量方差分析对随时间的变化进行分析。采用McNemar卡方检验分析乳制品消费者百分比随时间的变化。
从5岁到11岁，女孩的总乳制品摄入量保持稳定。牛奶总消费量下降，这是由于作为饮品的牛奶摄入量减少，而奶酪和乳制品甜点的摄入量增加。5岁到11岁期间牛奶摄入量的大幅下降，尤其是作为饮品的牛奶摄入量下降，主要是因为饮用牛奶的女孩百分比降低，而不仅仅是因为饮用牛奶的消费者所摄入的牛奶份数减少。平均而言，随着时间推移女孩们达到了维生素D的推荐摄入量；然而，到9岁和11岁时，女孩们未能达到钙和磷的推荐摄入量。
尽管女孩的乳制品摄入量随时间保持稳定，但在7岁、9岁和11岁时，女孩们未达到每天三份的推荐量，导致9岁和11岁时钙和磷的摄入量未达最佳水平。增加所有儿童的牛奶摄入量应继续作为干预措施的主要重点。
