Makala Levi Hakwale, Mangani Peter, Fujisaki Kozo, Nagasawa Hideyuki
National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
Vet Res. 2003 Jan-Feb;34(1):27-45. doi: 10.1051/vetres:2002056.
Tick-borne diseases occurring in Zambia are assuming more importance as they continue to be a major economic problem not only in Zambia, but in many parts of Eastern, Southern and Central Africa. The current control methods, which include the use of toxic acaricides to kill ticks, and the virulent sporozoite infection and treatment method have limitations. Recombinant vaccines, currently in their experimental stages, offer hope for the future. The use of acaricides is hampered by the development of acaricide resistance and live vaccines are dependent on cold chain facilities, which are a formidable obstacle in the poorly developed infrastructure in parts of Zambia where the vaccine is most needed. Amidst these drawbacks are the results of the recent research on parasites and vector recombinant vaccines which promise to circumvent these problems. The history, current status and attitudes regarding the control of these diseases, taking into account their complexity, are reviewed. The establishment of the well-designed Central Veterinary Research Institute (CVRI) and Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA) sponsored veterinary school, both have a potential for high quality research, with access to a wealth of specimens a veritable goldmine of research material. It is thus hoped that this review will stimulate the desire to maximize the value of the tick and tick-borne disease research in both Zambia and the international research community.
在赞比亚出现的蜱传疾病正变得愈发重要，因为它们不仅在赞比亚，而且在东部、南部和中部非洲的许多地区仍然是一个主要的经济问题。目前的控制方法，包括使用有毒杀螨剂来杀死蜱虫，以及毒性子孢子感染和治疗方法都存在局限性。目前处于实验阶段的重组疫苗为未来带来了希望。杀螨剂的使用因杀螨剂抗性的产生而受到阻碍，而活疫苗依赖冷链设施，这对赞比亚部分最需要疫苗但基础设施欠发达的地区来说是一个巨大障碍。在这些缺点之中，近期关于寄生虫和载体重组疫苗的研究成果有望克服这些问题。考虑到这些疾病的复杂性，本文对其控制的历史、现状和态度进行了综述。精心设计的中央兽医研究所（CVRI）和日本国际协力机构（JICA）资助的兽医学院的建立，都有开展高质量研究的潜力，能够获取大量标本——这是一座名副其实的研究材料宝库。因此，希望本综述能激发人们充分利用赞比亚及国际研究界蜱虫和蜱传疾病研究价值的愿望。
