Chaplin David D
University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845 19th Street South, BBRB 276/11, Birmingham, AL 35294-2170, USA.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003 Feb;111(2 Suppl):S442-59. doi: 10.1067/mai.2003.125.
Host defense against pathogenic microbes requires dramatically different responses, depending on the character of the pathogen and on the tissue under attack. Central to the immune system's ability to mobilize a response to an invading pathogen is its ability to distinguish self from nonself. The host has evolved both innate and adaptive mechanisms to respond to and eliminate pathogenic microbes. Both of these mechanisms include self-nonself discrimination. This overview describes key mechanisms used by the immune system to respond to invading microbes and identifies settings in which disturbed immune function exacerbates tissue injury.
宿主抵御病原微生物需要根据病原体的特征以及受攻击的组织产生截然不同的反应。免疫系统能够对入侵病原体发动反应的核心在于其区分自身与非自身的能力。宿主进化出了先天性和适应性机制来应对并清除病原微生物。这两种机制都包括自身与非自身的区分。本综述描述了免疫系统用来应对入侵微生物的关键机制，并确定了免疫功能紊乱会加剧组织损伤的情况。
